التربية الإسلامية وميادينها في ضوء الآية من سورة الجمعة

Islam is a religion of humanity; it takes much care of people and worries a lot about both the spiritual and the materialistic aspect of life. That’s way it gives a clear and solid code of life which don’t leave blank any single aspect of human life. Spiritual training and education is a major part of Islamic teachings, Islamic training goes side by side the Islamic education as both tied strongly to each other’s and there is no option to disconnect the Islamic education from the Islamic training and practice. Islam stresses on both the education and the training aspects at a time and don’t believe in dualism at all in Muslim society about Islam and its teachings, one who does not practices what he learns in training is much worse than one who don’t practices due to his ignorance. This verse of S┴ra Jum’ ā describes the importance of Islamic Training in a very clear way as this verse declares the Islamic training as a basic reason of sending the Prophet PBUH to the humanity.

Determinants of halal meat import demand in OIC countries: static & dynamic augmented trade gravity model

This study tries to explore the factors that are responsible to derive the import demand of Halal meat in OIC countries by employing a regional trade introversion index and three forms (simple, augmented, and dynamic) of the trade gravity model. This analysis uses data of Halal meat (chapter 02 of HS codes, excluding pig and other Haram meat) from 2002 to 2014. The estimation technique adopted in this study is PCSE (Panel Corrected Standard Errors). The computed values of regional trade introversion index show that OIC countries are continuously losing intra-OIC trade of Halal meat. And with the passage of time OIC members tend to import more and more of Halal meat from nonOIC members. Our dynamic gravity model fits best to explain the variation in Halal meat import demand by OIC bloc. Our results reveal that; per capita income and population size of the importing country, and livestock production level in exporting country are the primary drivers of the Halal meat import demand and their positive coefficients are highly statistically significant at 1%; while, price of the Halal meat in exporting country and official exchange rate of importing country negatively impact the import flow of Halal meat to OIC members. Moreover, the results categorize Halal meat as a normal good (not a luxury) for OIC members with price elasticity (Ed = 0.15) and income elasticity (Ey = 0.16). Furthermore, OIC members import relatively more quantities of Halal meat from distant countries than from adjacent countries, suggesting negative coefficient for "distance" variable, which is against the theory of the traditional trade gravity model. "OIC" and "GATT" membership is not contributing to enhance Halal meat import of OIC bloc, and OIC members are yet away from the goal of increased intra-OIC trade. Holding other factors constant; common language, border adjacency, and similarity in school of thoughts are also the factors that enhance import of Halal meat. Developing a common Halal meat market and one Halal certification body under OIC, can enhance intra-OIC Halal meat trade. Moreover, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers among OIC members, improving livestock production level, creating buyers' and suppliers' trade and trust relations, and promoting long-term trade agreements among OIC members can help OIC members to lead or at least govern global Halal meat markets, and to increase intraOIC trade intensity in Halal meat and all other commodities