انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’ انصاف قوموں کی زندگی کوتوانا رکھتا ہے ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
زندگی کی راحتیں، حسرتیں اس وقت اپنے دامن میں سمیٹی جاسکیں گی، جب قلب و ذہن تندرست و توانا ہو، جب دل و دماغ حصولِ راحت ِزیست کے لیے مستعد و تیار ہوں، جب انسان روحانی اور جسمانی طور پر تندرست اور توانا ہو، اور جملہ اعضائے انسانی حیات کے لیے آرزومند اور متمنی ہوں۔
صدرِمحترم!
بیمار اور صاحب ِفراش شخص زندگی کے الطاف کریمانہ سے کما حقہٗ مستفید نہیں ہوسکتا۔ بیمار سوچ اور منفی فکرو غور کا حامل شخص زندگی کی آسائشوں سے کوئی سروکار نہیں رکھتا ، اس کی نشست و برخاست، اس کے قیام وقعود ، اس کے افکار کامحورصرف اور صرف اس کی ذات ہوتی ہے جو داخلی یا خارجی عوامل کے پیشِ نظر عضو معطل ہو چکی ہوتی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
افراد، فرد کی جمع ہے اور افرادمل کر قوم بنتے ہیں اسی طرح قوم سے اقوام اور قومیں بنتی ہیں۔ اقوام کی اکائی فرد ہے، اور فرد کی روحانی، جسمانی ،قلبی و ذہنی ساخت میں کوئی سقم یا جھول واقع ہوجائے تو پورا نظام متاثر ہو جاتا ہے، اس کے مقصد ِحیات کی تکمیل میں رکاوٹیں کھڑی ہو جاتی ہیں بالآخر اس کا وجود غیر مفید ہو جاتا ہے۔
جناب صدر!
کائنات کے نظام میں انسان ایک جزو لاینفک ہے، دراصل کائنات نام ہی بنی نوع انسان کا ہے، اس لیے کہ انسان اشرف المخلوقات ہے، اور مخلوقات کا شرف ہی نہ ہو تو گویا و ہ مخلوقات ہی نہیں ہے ،مخلوقات کی زندگیوں کو...
The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study. Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected. Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners. Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data. It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.
During present study “bio-intensive integrated pest management module for the control of cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassica L.) under field conditions in Faisalabad ecological conditions” was designed. Eighteen genotypes of cauliflower viz. Candid Charm, Cash Mere, Cauliflower Desi, Cool Sun-70, Cool Sun-71, Early Kanwari, Shumaila F1 H, Pari, Pari F1 H, Snow Ball, Snow Crown, Snow Drift, Snow Grace, White Corona H, White Excel, White Island, White Magic H and White Shot H were sown during 2008 to screen the resistant, susceptible and intermediate genotypes based on population density of P. brassicae/ plant. From this trail, two genotypes viz. Cool Sun-70 and Cauliflower Desi, Cash Mere and White Island and Shumaila F1 H and Pari F1 H showing as susceptible, intermediate and resistant responses were selected for further studies. These genotypes were sown again under field conditions during 2009 to confirm the previous results. Role of weather factors were also determined in population fluctuation of the pest. The application of Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) @ 1482 g/ha, EN + release of Trichogrammachilonis cards (TC) for 8 times, EPN + spray of spinosad 240 SC @ 125 ml/ha and EPN + neem nut oil (NNO) 2.5 percent @ 6.17 lit/ha as module one (M1); release of TC card and Chrysoperlacarnea (CC), release of TC and spray of spinosad, release of TC and spray of NNO and release of TC and collection of eggs for 8 times as module (M2); spray of NNO, spray of NNO and spinosad, spray of NNO and collection of larvae and spray of NNO and collection of eggs as module (M3) and spray of spinosad alone and in combination with collection of eggs, collection of larvae and use of sticky rackets of yellow color as module (M4) were tested for bio- intensive management strategy to find out an effective, easy to apply and safe method of control for the recommendations to the farmers. It was recorded that the population of P. brassicae differed significantly among genotypes, dates of observations and in their interactions. The genotype cool son-70 was found as susceptible, pari F1 H appeared as resistant showing 30.02 and 3.44 sepecimen/plant of P. brassicae, respectively during 2008; high population was observed on 8 th October, 2008 and thereafter, decreasing trend was observed. The selected genotypes viz. Cool Sun-70, Cauliflower Desi, Cash Mere, White Island, Shumaila F1H and Pari F1 H differed significantly with each other regarding per plant population density of P. brassicae during 2009. The highest population was observed as 28.71/plant on Cool Sun-70, whereas minimum population was recorded as 15.45/plant on Pari F1 H and both these cultivars were proved as susceptible and resistant, respectively. The results pertaining to host plant susceptibility indices in various selected genotypes of cauliflower based on population density of P. brassicae/plant during 2008 and 2009 revealed that Cool Sun-70 was comparatively susceptible showing maximum HPSI i.e. 27%, whereas Pari F1 H was recorded as resistant with 09% HPSI. Temperature variations showed positive and significant correlation with the pest population during 2008, whereas relative humidity responded negative and significant correlation; and similar trend was recorded during 2009. Rainfall played non-significant role on pest fluctuation. However, maximum temperature was most effective for pest population (67.2, 77.2 and 68.3%) and significant difference were recorded among treatments and treatments in which applications of spinosad alone are in combinations with other control tactics resulted in utmost control of the pest both in resistant as well as susceptible genotypes. While, module (M4) comprised of sprays of (spinosad @ 125 ml/ha alone, and in combination with collection of eggs, collection of larvae and installation of sticky rackets of yellow color) proved as the best module; resulted in minimum pest population and maximum cost benefit ratio i.e. 41.53 and 38.76 for resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively.