گائوں کا رستہ
میرے گائوں جاتا تھا جو
اُس رستے کے دونوں جانب
میٹھے آموں کے کچھ بوٹے
اونچے سایہ دار شجر بھی
کچھ شیشم کے ، کچھ پیپل کے
کچھ لیموں کے چھوٹے چھوٹے
بھینی بھینی خوشبو والے
کچھ پھولوں والے بوٹے بھی
کچھ کانٹوں والے بوٹے بھی
جیسے کیکر ، بیری ، آڑو
کچھ چمکیلے پتّوں والے
پتلی لمبی شاخوں والے
پر پھیلائے رستے اوپر
بادل چھائے رستے اوپر
گرمی میں سب کے سب گھر سے
باہر آئے رستے اوپر
ساجن ، متّر ، بیلی سارے
روز بلائے رستے اوپر
میں جب کالج آتا جاتا
چڑیوں کی چوں چوں سنتا تھا
کوئل کی کُو کُو سنتا تھا
بلبل بھی گانا گاتی تھی
ہجر کے ماروں کی خاطر جب
وصل کے گیت ہوا بنتی تھی
رنگ بہار کے اُس مٹی سے
ہر دل کی دھڑکن چنتی تھی
اک مدّت سے اک عرصے سے
چھوٹ گیا وہ رستہ مجھ سے
جو میرے گائوں جاتا تھا
Religious extremism has become one of the main problems of the world today and many non-Muslims believe that religious extremism is synonymous to Islam. This article discussed the topic of religious extremism and presents the solution to the problem. The Quran used the word ‘Ghuluw’ which can fairly be translated as extremism. The term is defined as ‘elevating someone or something to a level higher than its true reality’. If we look carefully into Islamic teachings we will see that Islam does not approved extremism, especially with regard to religion. Islam not only disapproved extremism, but also urges us to be moderate and disassociate ourselves from extremism.
Canada and Postcoloniality: An Analysis of the works of contemporary Multi-Ethnic Canadian Novelists This study explores the question of postcoloniality with reference to Canadian literature. The position of Canada as one of the biggest military and economic powers of the world apparently does not support the existence of postcolonial elements in its culture and literature but an overview of the Canadian history reveals strong postcolonial elements and experiences. This research focuses on two Canadian novelists who are immigrants specifically who have migrated to Canada from postcolonial countries and the literature produced by them represents postcolonial issues which either exist within the geographical boundaries of the country or are the representation of another part of the world but nevertheless, are a part of Canadian cultural representation in literary form by virtue of the author’s Canadian nationality and therefore lie within the epistemological boundaries of the nation state. Significant postcolonial issues arise through the analysis of the texts of the selected novels, In the Skin of a Lion by Michael Ondaatje and A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry, within the theoretical framework for this study which is in line with the important precepts of Postcolonial Discourse Theory. These issues are traced through the texts in the light of the critique given by important postcolonial theorists, scholars and critics. There is a presence of elements and people with experiences of performing the role of colonizers and that of the colonized within the Canadian society and culture which reflects the condition of postcoloniality inherent in the Canadian culture. The political and intellectual culture of these authors has been affected by the colonial practices and these effects continue up to the present. Only their form and definitions change according to the trends of the contemporary globalized culture of the world and the conflicts that are produced are a consequence of the neo-imperial and neo-capitalist global culture. The Canadian culture is now a blend of Western and Non- Western cultures. The texts of the two selected novels reveal similar postcolonial issues of language, place and displacement, nationalism and hybridity which reflect the effects of contemporary political, economic and cultural practices of the First World/West.