عالم برزخ اور عذاب قبر کا ثبوت ۲۶ قرآنى آىات مبارکہ کى روشنى مىں: اىک تجزىاتى مطالعہ

Holy Quran is the revealed book of Allah Almighty. This holy book has described the fundamental principles for the guidance and success of Human beings. One of the fundamental beliefs is that of life herein after (Akhirat). Allah Almighty has described several stages for the same life. The first destination of man purgatory which is like an interval between death and resurrection. This destination is the beginning point of the graciousness and severe pain in the life herein after. In the article under reference efforts have been made to explore and highlight the Quranic view point about purgatory (the interval between death and resurrection).

Determination of Residues of Pesticide in Meat and Their Effects on Enzymes and Proteins

The present work is concerned with the determination of pesticide residues in meat samples and effects of pesticides on enzymes levels and protein. Different samples of meat were collected from (chicken, cow and goat). Later organs (fat, heart, kidney, liver and muscle) were isolated. The experiment was done under two conditions such as fresh and other one kept in 10˚C. Meat samples were collected randomly from butcher`s shops. All samples were taken to lab and the collected samples were separately kept in plastic bags. For this standard method described in materials and method was adopted. The pesticide residues, estimation of biochemical contents, enzymes activities and protein content were investigated in 90 samples of meat, additionally, 15 samples meat of each (chicken, beef and mutton) were also collected and considered as control or normal subject for enzymes activity and biochemical content. In all chicken samples, the activity of GOT contents showed significant increase, whereas GPT content significantly decreased than those of detected in control or normal subject. However, ALP and protein were higher in maximum number of samples. In all beef samples GOT and GPT content showed increase in all samples while ALP decreased in all sample but protein increased in all samples. In all mutton samples GPT and GOT content showed significant decrease whereas ALP and protein showed significant increase than those of detected in control or normal subject. Most probable reason of this variation in biochemical contents and enzymes activity may be presence of pesticides residues, socioeconomic factor, metabolic factor and environmental factor. The standard chromatogram of permethrin was prepared on HPLC and retention time (RT) was noted. Chromatograms of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diazinon, DDE, DDT, malathion and monocrotophos were taken from previous study which was run under the same condition. Total 90 samples were run on HPLC for pesticide residues analysis. The residues amount was noted from the chromatograms. The two set of chicken samples which comprise 30 in numbers were taken from two different locations. The first set of chicken samples contained fifteen different organs (fat, heart, kidney liver and muscle) and also had two conditions of fresh and stored 10˚C. Five samples of fresh ones were run on HPLC for pesticides residues and four were found positive for pesticide. Ten samples stored at 10˚C for 3 days and run on HPLC for pesticides analysis and all were positive for residues analysis. In all the samples, the residues of cypermethrin, DDE, DDT and malathion were detected in noticeable amount. The second set of chicken samples stored were run on HPLC for pesticide residues analysis. Out of 15 samples, 3 samples were found positive for residues of deltamethrin and malathion. Two set of beef samples (30) were run on HPLC for pesticide residues analysis and 19 were positive for pesticides residues. After analysis it was found that cypermethrin was found in 8 samples, DDT in 3 samples, DDE in 8 samples, diazinon in 5 samples, deltamethrin in 13 and malathion only in 2 samples were detected. While mutton samples also 30 in number and were run on HPLC for pesticide residues analysis and 8were positive for pesticides residues. Cypermethrin was found in 2 samples, deltamethrin in 10 samples, diazinon in 7 samples and monocrotophos in 2 samples.