تاشی تصویر گر
میں اذیت ناک لمحوں کی گود میں سر رکھے رو رہا ہوں
بچپن کی یادوں کے کچے رنگ
تصویر کے کینوس پر پکے رنگوں میں ڈھلتے جا رہے ہیں
یہ رنگ میرا قیمتی اثاثہ ہیں
دھنک تتلیوں کے دیس سے یہ رنگ چرانے آتی ہے
یہ سب میرے تصور کی پیدا وار ہیں
کسی تصویر میں امن کہلاتے ہیں
کسی میں محبت کے دکھ بن جاتے ہیں
چند تصویریں مجھے آزردہ کر دیتی ہیں
The comprehension of the message of the Holy Qur’ān is obligatory for the whole of humanity which is revealed in the Arabic language. Scholars all over the world, Muslims as well as non-Muslims have devoted their best efforts to translate the word of Allah Almighty in different languages of the world, although absolute translation is not possible. These translations from Arabic to other languages of the world result into pragmatic losses. Small wonder, these pragmatic losses cause problems in the process of understanding the actual message of the Holy Qur’ān enshrined in the source text. This study was conducted to analyze the pragmatic losses in the English translations of Sūrah Ikhlāṣ (chapter 112) through a comparative pragma-linguistic analysis. Three different translations have been selected for the study. A comparative and critical study of these translations has established the presence of certain pragmatic losses which are likely to bear upon the comprehension of the reader in more than one way. To the researchers, the presence of these losses calls for the greater sensitivity towards and understanding of the pragmatic aspects of interlingual translation, specifically for a text which in its primordial form was intended to be a Speech (Kalām). To retain the pragmatic value and meaning of the source text become all the more paramount when the text translated is sacred one with its own canonical conventions and discursive norms.
Aluminum/carbon nanotubes (Al-CNTs) composite is an encouraging candidate material for aerospace applications due to its expected high strength-to-weight ratio. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer remarkable reinforcements owing to their high specific strength and specific modulus. However, uniform dispersion and wetting of the CNTs is extremely difficult in molten aluminum, due to large difference in surface tension forces of the two components. In present work, the dispersion issue was improved using induction melting technique, where innate stirring action of induction melting dispersed the nanotubes in molten aluminum. The wetting was improved using a multifunction flux (titanate of potassium), which, when was incorporated in molten mixture of aluminum and CNTs having, instigated in-situ reactions to form titanium carbides on the surface of the nanotubes causing increased wetting of CNTs by molten aluminum. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing. Refinement in crystallite size was achieved down to ~150 nm and a corresponding increase in lattice strain up to ~3.46x10-3 was observed in the composites. A simultaneous increase in v i yield strength ~208 %, tensile strength ~218 %, and hardness ~100 % was observed. However, the decrease in the ductility of the composite associated with the strengthening of the matrix was <25 %. Additionally, stress relaxation behavior of the annealed composite was improved by ~30 % compared with pure aluminum. Consequently, the stress relaxation rate of the composite was decreased even beyond the yield strength of the annealed pure aluminum. Therefore, induction melting and usage of the flux for improvement in the dispersion and wetting of the nanotubes, respectively, appeared to be a potential method to fabricate Al-CNTs composites.