المبحث السابع: عالم الرجال وبروین شاکر
من المعروف منذ العصور القدیمۃ أن الرجل ھو الآمر والناھي للمرأۃ وأنہ ھو الحاکم وفي یدیہ القیادۃ والسلطۃ، والقوانین القدیمۃ التي جعلت المرأۃ ھي خادمۃ الرجل وأعتبروھا ناقصۃ العقل والدین، وفي کل مرحلۃ جعل الشعراء المرأۃ ھي زینۃ الأشعار ونصبوا لھا التمثال لحسنھا وجمالھا، وجعلوها دُمیۃ متحرکۃ في عالم الرجال وجعلوها ملکا من أملاك الرجل لا غیر، وأحیاناً لاموا عزھا وشرفھا، وأحیانا اتھموھا بأنھا الفتنة وأنھا المصیبۃ وما إلی ذلک۔ ولکن بروین شاکر أعطت للمرأۃ مکانۃ رفیعۃ ومنزلۃ عالیۃ تستحق المرأۃ ذلک التقدیر وذلک الإحترام، فقد أعطت بروین شاکر صورۃ واضحۃ لمشاعر وأحاسیس المرأۃ ووضحت مکانتھا بأن المرأۃ لیست لعبۃ في عالم الرجال، إنما لھا شخصیتھا ومنزلتھا ومکانتھا العالیۃ، ولھا مرتبۃ رفیعۃ تختلف عن مرتبۃ الرجال، فقد خالفت الشاعرۃ عالم الرجال وأعطت ودافعت عن حقوق المرأۃ وحاولت أن تعطیٰ للمرأۃ منزلتھا اللائقۃ بھا وجعلت الرجال یقفون عند حدودھم دون الدخول إلی حقوق المرأۃ۔
وکانت بروین شاکر في الصف الأول من الشاعرات البارعات ومنھن عصمت جغتائی، کشور ناھید، فھمیدۃ ریاض، امرتا پریتم ولکن شاعرتنا أیضا لھا مکانۃ خاصۃ منفردۃ في عالم الشعر والأدب النسائي۔
مکانۃ بروین شاکر في الأدب الأردو
من المؤکد أن نساء الشعر الأردو لھن مکانۃ خاصۃ في الأدب الأردو ، وأنھن تقدمن (نساء الأدب الأردو) مع الرجال نحو التقدم والتطور منذ البدایۃ وأنھن سرن قدماً بقدم مع الرجال منذ الزمن القدیم السابق لم یکن للنساء مکانۃ خاصۃ ولم یکن لھن الجرأۃ الکافیۃ في إظھار شخصیتھن۔ وفي بدایۃ الأمر کانت النساء تحسبن نفوسھن فتنۃ لذلک يحاولن أن يختبئن ولکن في الشعر الحدیث ظھرت المرأۃ بصورتھا وجمالھا وشعورھا وحقیقتھا وآمالھا وآلامھا، بسعادتھا وتعاستھا، أمام الرجال بحقیقۃ صادقۃ وکانت بروین شاکر تعتبر من الصف الأول من النساء اللاتي قمن بالدفاع عن حقوق المرأۃ وحمایۃ شخصیتھا وھُناک الکثیر من الکاتبات...
The teachings of all religions are based on peace but the Islamic principles of peace surpass others in their effectiveness. For the attainment of peace and harmony in this world, it is imperative to respect all the religions. The Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) was indeed a peacemaker and a mercy to all the mankind. The author of this paper feels that it is also very important to study the history of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) prior to his prophethood, because, those a as image and reputation (صلى الله عليه وسلم) his shaped that years the were peacemaker in the eyes of the people of Makkah. His early years of virtue soon followed by a lifetime of nobleness and greatness. The incident of the placing the Black Stone, for example, is a confirmation to the said fact. It is one of the first examples in the life. Goodwill nurturing and conflicts mitigating of (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the of or himself by stone the placed have could (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy The asked anyone of the elders of his nation to do it, but being a peacemaker, he saw that, thatwas going to be a model to mitigate conflicts and nurture goodwill among the leaders of the tribes., first the of milestone the laid (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet The the just and the civilized human society. A commitment to peace was a way of his life. This is the quality that ought to become the cornerstone of the policy and the personality of a sound Muslim leader.
The optimal blend of debt and equity financing plays a vital role not only in reducing the overall cost of capital but also helps in enhancing the overall performance of the firms. The purpose of the present research was three folds. Firstly, this study investigated the relationship between capital structure and performance of non-financial firms of Pakistan. Secondly, the novel contribution of the current study was to examine the moderating role of business strategy between the relationship of capital structure and firm’s performance. Thirdly, the present study also contributed in the existing literature by exploring theextent to which firm’s competitive intensity moderated the leverage-performance relationship. The data of 333 listed non-financial firms of Pakistan over the period of eight years (2006-2013) was selected for the final analysis. Both book and market based measures were utilized to compute the performance of the selected firms whereas capital structure of the firms was measured through three different proxies. Business strategy was divided into four strategic categories and Herfindahl-Hirschman index was selected to compute the competitive intensity of the firms. The results of the study depicted that capital structure negatively and significantly influence the accounting measures ofperformance whereas the relationship between capital structure and market performance (Q ratio) was significantly positive. In addition, the results showed that 31% of theselected sample firms were inclined towards the cost leadership strategy to accomplish their business objectives. The results of moderating analysis showed that cost leadership strategy positively moderate the relationship between capital structure and firm performance. It implies that debt financing is financially viable for the cost leadership firms. In addition, the results specified that when the firms try to maintain high debt ratio while pursuing a product differentiation or hybrid strategy, incur a significantperformance penalty. Moreover, the results showed that debt financing is also harmful for the performance of “stuck in the middle” firms but the results were statistically insignificant in most cases. Furthermore, the results also revealed that product market competition can be used as a substitute for debt to limit the discretionary resources of the managers. Consequently, debt financing cannot create real financial benefits in thepresence of high product market competition. Finally, based on the findings of the research, the present study also suggested some policy implications for the regulators, policy makers and firm’s managers.