81. Al-Takwir/The Wrapping Up
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
81:01
a. When the sun will be wrapped up and its radiation ceases,
81:02
a. and when the stars will fade away,
81:03
a. and when the mountains will be set to move and become scattered dust,
81:04
a. and when the pregnant she-camels will be abandoned by the herdsmen,
81:05
a. and when the wild beasts will be herded together,
81:06
a. and when the seas/oceans will be made to surge and swell into massive flooding,
81:07
a. and when the souls will be paired and joined with one’s deeds,
81:08
a. and when the female infant, buried alive, will be asked:
81:09
a. ‘for what sin/offence was she slain/buried alive?’
81:10
a. And when the pages/scrolls of deeds of every individual will be laid open/unrolled,
81:11
a. and when the celestial realm will be ripped off,
81:12
a. and when the Blazing Fire will be ignited and set ablaze,
Surah 81 * Al-Takwir 717
81:13
a. and when the Paradise will be brought close to those who would have merited it,
81:14
a. then every soul will know what it had presented for this time!
81:15
a. So I swear by those receding stars/planets,
81:16
a. the stars/planets withdrawing into themselves.
81:17
a. And the night as it recedes/close in,
81:18
a....
Zoroastrianism is an ancient Iranian religion founded by an Iranian Prophet and scholar Zoroaster. It is claimed by some foremost scholars that this is the most ancient religion of the world which influenced the other major religions of the world like, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The main source to know the Zoroastrianism is Avesta, Denkart and Bundahishn (sacred books) from which we know the terminologies and traditions of this religion. Main two spirits are Ahura mazda (god of pleasure and goodness) and Ahriman (god of evil) and seven more main spirits which are called as angels are Amesha spentas which show the actual spirit and direction of this ancient religion. Some of the concepts and traditions are same which exists in Islam but with different names and features, like prayers and matters after death, heaven and hell. In this article, main focus is on tradition and terminologies of this ancient religion to know its actual spirit to get the basic information and main themes for initial reader of this religion from Islamic theological pers-pective. No doubt, Zoroastrianism is one the amended religions exist on earth yet because of the similarity of various rituals with Islam. However, Zoroastrianism is being considered reve-aled religion and Zoroaster as true prophet of Allah.
The present work is focused on the fabrication of Sr-Ba based X-type ferrites substituted with transition metals (TM: Ni, Co), and trivalent rare-earth cations (Nd, Dy, Pr, Gd) for microwave applications. This dissertation presents a systematic study on four series namely, SrBaCu2-xNixNdyFe28-yO46, SrBaMg2-xNixCoyFe28-yO46, SrBaZn2-xNixPryFe28-yO46 and SrBaMn2-xCoxGdyFe28-yO46 (x=0 to 1.0 and y=0 to 0.1) of hexagonal ferrites. These X-type materials were fabricated by sol-gel method at 1250 °C temperature. The thermal decomposition of nitrate-citrate gel of as-synthesized samples and estimation of sintering temperature to obtain X-type phase was determined by DSC, TGA, and DTA analysis. X-Ray Diffraction patterns revealed pure X-type hexagonal phase of the investigated X-type hexaferrites, except for the series doped with Dy-Co an extra peak of orthorhombic phasedetected as DyFeO3 appeared for higher concentrations of Dy content. Lattice parameters (lattice constants, porosity, X-ray density, bulk density, crystalline size) showed variations with dopants (RE-TM) and their concentrations. There was increase in lattice constants (a, c) with increase in dopants concentration which was attributed to introduction of higher ionic radius of RE3+ cations in octahedral sites of Fe3+ ions.FTIR spectral study revealed the presence of absorption bands in the range 400-600 cm-1which are characteristics of hexaferrites. It was observed that substitution of RE-TM ions caused shifting of band positions due to change in metal-oxygen bond length at A- and B-sites. From hysteresis loops magnitudes of saturation magnetization, coercivity as well as retentivity were calculated. It was observed that magnetic parameters (saturation magnetization, retentivity, coercivity) were enhanced with RE-TM doping in these X-type ferrites. For all samples, the values of saturation magnetization varied in range from 40 to 65 emu/g, and coercivity was found in range 1500-3500 Oe, the high values of Ms and Hcsuggested application of these RE-TM doped X-type ferrites in high density video recording and permanent magnets. The dielectric characteristics were carried out in frequency range 1 MHz to 3 GHz. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and tangent loss were decreased with the increase of frequency on the basis of Wagner and Koop''s theory. The resonance peak appeared in all samples above 2 GHz (i.e. in MW band) which is characteristics of materials used for EMI attenuation. The doping of RE-TM resulted in increase of dielectric constant, AC conductivity and Q-value for all series. In the Present studies it had been found that Q-factor decreased with concentration of RE-TM ions which reflected the fact that with addition of RE-TM substitution the loss of energy has been enhanced. Reduced size, high porosity, high losses, low Q values and high saturation magnetization endorsed these X-type materials for microwave absorption applications such as in mobiles, medicine, satellite communication, stealth and RAM etc.