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The Impact of Karakuram Highway on Northern Areas Economy

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Malik

Supervisor

Abdul Hamid Balghari

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

76

Subject

History & Geography

Language

English

Other

Call No: 954.91112 ABI; Publisher: Deptt. of Economics, Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710586138

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غارِ حرا

غار حرا
مکہ معظمہ سے تین میل کے فاصلہ پر ایک غار ہے جس کو حرا کہتے ہیں ۔ اب اس کو جبل النور کہتے ہیں ۔ اس غار کا طول چار گز اور عرض پونے دو گز ہے اونچائی اتنی ہے کہ ایک دراز قد آدمی کھڑے ہو کر اس میں نماز پڑھ سکتا ہے دھوپ اور بارش سے بھی بہت حدتک محفوظ ہے۔ آپ ﷺْ کھانے پینے کا سامان لے کر وہاں چلے جاتے اور جب تک کھانے پینے کی اشیاء ختم نہ ہوتیں ، آپ ﷺ واپس تشریف نہ لاتے ۔ آپ ﷺ وہاں عبادت میں مصروف رہتے ۔ یہاں سوال یہ پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ آپ کس قسم کی عبادت کیا کرتے تھے ۔ شرح بخاری عینی میں ہے ۔ ترجمہ ’’ یہ سوال کیا گیا کہ آپ کی عبادت کیا تھی ؟ تو اس کا جواب یہ ہے کہ غور و فکر اور عبرت پذیری ‘‘۔ مولانا شبلی لکھتے ہیں ’’ یہ وہی عبادت تھی جو آپ ﷺ کے دادا ابراہیم ؑ نے نبوت سے پہلے کی تھی۔ ستاروں کو دیکھا تو چونکہ تجلی کی جھلک تھی ، دھوکہ ہوا ، چاند نکلا تو اور بھی شبہ ہوا ، آفتاب پر اس سے بھی زیادہ شبہ ہوا لیکن جب سب نظروں سے غائب ہو گئے تو بے ساختہ پکار اٹھے ’’ اِنّیِ لاَ اُحِبُّ الاٰفِلِینo
انی وجھت ۔۔۔۔ والارض ( الانعام ۔۷۹) ترجمہ( میں فانی چیزوں سے محبت نہیں کرتا میں اپنا منہ اس کی طرف کرتا ہوں جس نے زمین و آسمان پیدا کیا ‘‘۔ ایک مغربی مورخ کار لائل نے آنحضرت ﷺ کی عبادت کی کیفیت اس طرح بیان کی ہے ’’ سفرو حضر میں ہر جگہ محمدﷺ کے دل میں ہزاروں سوال پیدا ہوتے تھے، میں کیا ہوں ؟ یہ غیر متناہی عالم کیا ہے ؟ نبوت کیا...

قرآن مجید میں دعوی تضاد کا علمی محاسبہ

One of the main arguments that Allah has made in the Quran about the authenticity of this last book is that the Quran is free from all kinds of contradictions and differences. Whoever interprets the Quran, the authenticity of the Quran has become clearer on it. Different forms of language and literature are adopted in the Quran. If one is not familiar with the Quranic verses or does not have access to the truth of the words or is unfamiliar with the reality of the ayah, it may be possible to feel the contradiction in some places, when in reality it is not.

The Prevalence of Postoperative Pain Following Day Surgery in the First 48 Hours at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Introduction: Day case surgery services are increasing all over the world. The prevalence of postoperative pain after day surgery is found to be high ranging from 17% to 60%. Little is known about the prevalence of postoperative pain, in Kenya and East Africa, after day case surgeries. Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of postoperative pain after day surgery at Aga Khan University (AKUH), Nairobi, to determine the severity/intensity of postoperative pain following day case surgery, and to determine the influence of anxiety and worry on the patients report on postoperative pain. Study site: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Study design: Prospective, non-interventional study. Study population: All patients aged between 18 and 68 years scheduled for day surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Sample size: One hundred and fifty patients. Duration of the study: This is a prospective study that was carried out between March and June 2009. Methodology: Consecutive sampling was carried out until sample size was achieved. The purpose and nature of the study was explained to patients before informed consent was obtained. They were explained how to score their pain by using a visual analogue scale prior to the surgical procedure. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the patients. Follow up information was obtained through interviews over the telephone at 24 and 48 hours, after discharge from the DSU. Results: The prevalence of postoperative pain after day care surgery was found to be 58% within 30mins postoperatively, 55.3% after 24 hours, and 34.7% after 48 hours following surgery. The prevalence of moderate to severe postoperative pain was 9.6%. This study has shown that the association between postoperative pain and anxiety was significant at 24 hour and 48 hour follow up. However such association with worry was significant only at 48 hour follow up. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of postoperative pain after day surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was noted to be different from what has been reported in the literature. The prevalence of moderate and severe pain however, is less than reported in the literature.