علی حیدر ملتانی فن تے فکر
پنجابی ساہت دیاں بہت ساریاں شاعری دیاں قسماں وچوں صوفی کوتا اک خاص اہمیت دی حامل اے۔ ایس دا اربنھ نانک سمے توں پہلاں بابا فرید جی دی رچنا نال ہویا تے پچھے مغل دور تک ایہہ ریت اپنی سخر نوں چھوندی ہوئی نظر آندی اے۔ صوفیانہ شاعری دے سرکڈھویں شاعر بابا فرید، شاہ حسین، سلطان باہو، شاہ شرف، بلھے شاہ، علی حیدر تے ہاشم شاہ آدہن۔ پر ایہناں وچوں علی حیدر اجیہا صوفی کوی اے جس ول آلو چکاں تے کھوجیاں دا خاص دھیان نئیں گیا ایہو کارن اے کہ ایس مہان کوی دی پنجابی ساہت نوں دین دا اجے تک صحیح فیصلہ نئیں ہوسکیا۔ ایتھوں تک کہ کوئی ہور ساہت کاراں وانگ علی حیدر دے جنم بارے ودواناں وچ وکھ وکھ راواں ہن ڈاکٹر موہن سنگھ دیوانہ، گوپال سنگھ دردی تے باواا بدھ سنگھ دی کھوج نال اتفاق کردے ہویا اسیں کہہ سکدے آں کہ آپ دا جنم شیخ محمد امین دے گھر 1690ء وچ ہویا آپ دے پنڈ دا ناں ’’چونترہ‘‘ اے جیہڑا کہ ضلع خانیوال وچ عبدالحکیم ریلوے اسٹیشن دے نیڑے تے راوی دے کنڈے اتے اے ودواناں مطابق علی حیدر دا انتقال 1785ء نوں ہویا اے۔
آپ نے اردو تے فارسی توں اڈ پنجابی بھاشا تے ساہت دی رج کے سیوا کیتی۔ اپنے آلے دوآلے دے اثر کارن علی حیدر بچپن توں ای صوفی سنتاں۔ دی سنگت وچ رہن صدقہ چھیتی ای صوفیانہ وچار دھارا دے رنگ وچ رنگیا گیا بھانویں آپ نے کسے فرقے دی مخالفت نئیں کیتی پر فیر وی آپ جی دا ناں ودھیرے کرکے صوفیاں دے قادری فرقے نال جڑیا رہیا اے۔ ایس فرقے دا بانی حضرت محی الدین عبدالقادر جیلانیؒ سی، ایس صوفی دا علی حیدر اتے...
This research is conducted, in order to perceive the attitude of higher secondary level students of Sindh towards science. Students (Male = 448, Female = 648) belonging to higher-secondary level (Class-XI & XII) from Hyderabad division were surveyed. Students were divided in Urban (N=455) and Rural (N=641) groups accordingly. “Test of Science Related Attitudes” known as TOSRA, initially developed by (Fraser, 1978) was adapted and translated in Urdu as well, was used as the attitude measurement instrument. Internalk consistancey was checked with Cronbach’s alpha reliability test. After pilot study the test was administrated. Significant difference of the attitude towards science across the students was noticed based on their gender and their locale. The results show that, with small effect size, male students significantly scored higher on almost all of the attitude sub-scales of TOSRA as compared to female students. Interestingly, students belonging to rural areas significantly scored higher with medium effect size on all the attitude sub-scale towards science as compare to students from urban areas.
For the advancement of the cause of democracy, Benazir Bhutto faced a variety of challenges, trails, contests and resistances prior to her becoming the first woman prime minister of Pakistan. The watershed of this first struggle was bound by an era covered by supposedly a dictatorial regime from 1977 to 1988. In terms of realpolitic, this move was a complex and significant ideological struggle based on social justice against conservative forces and status-quo, braced by some international influential clusters. As a resilient woman political leader, she managed to cope with all the crises. The study in hand is the in-depth analysis of the struggle of Benazir Bhutto for upholding the democratic forces. Data sources included Focus Group Discussions with party workers and political leaders, in-depth interviews with historians and civil society members, and content analysis of documents like letters (written by Benazir Bhutto to various party workers and by the author to Benazir Bhutto), reports, Peoples Party’s constitution, press releases by Benazir Bhutto, media documentaries and other published material relevant to the topic. Analysis of the data revealed that Benazir Bhutto confronted significant hardships and challenges to restore democracy in Pakistan. Despite ruthlessness of the ruling regime, betrayals of her party men and unfavorable circumstances she managed to cope with all the difficulties with her charisma and leadership qualities. She successfully exhibited her visionary skills, persistence, determination, influential personality, and immense courage. As part of her reconciliation and resilience, she joined hands with opponents; she was able to bring all conservative clusters on board on its voyage to democracy. The resilience demonstrated by Benazir Bhutto in her political struggle could be a model for political practitioners and political leadership xviii in Pakistan. This research concludes by suggesting for doing scientific studies about the Bhutto legacy of later time periods and making a comparative analysis for drawing lessons for the political landscape of Pakistan. Similarly, in the struggle for democracy in Pakistan, there are many other leaders. In-depth analysis of their terrain is in order to develop strategies for political struggle.