شیرمادر بینک (Mother’s Milk Bank) کا شرعی حکم

The emergence of human milk banks for premature and underweight babies in the early twentieth century raised many questions about the proscription of breastfeeding kinship as are in Islamic jurisprudence. Many Islamic scholars tries to find its solution in the light of Quran, Sunnah and the sayings of early Imams of Fiqh, but their opinion about this matter was different like the differences of sayings of some Imams, until Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences based in Kuwait and Islamic fiqh Academy Jeddah, called Summits on this issue and decided against the establishment of such banks in Islamic world. The issue seemed to be almost solved until European Council for Fatwa and Research launched an appeal in 2003 against their solution and demanded to legitimate the use of Human Milk from these banks for the children of Muslim families in Europe and USA using the public scourge canon (Umum al Balwa) of fiqh. This appeal once again opened the door of discussion on this matter. This article is an overview of the sayings of early and modern jurisprudents and pros and cons of human milk banks in the quest of solution of this modern problem in the light of Islamic shariah, so that a just and balanced opinion may be adopted in this matter as it is motto of Islamic Law. This discussion will also affect many new problems faced by Muslim communities in European countries as well as Islamic countries in modern era

Focusing on the Positive Core: Using Appreciative Inquiry for Developing Leadership in School Organization

This study focused on developing leadership in a public sector school in district Ghanche, Gilgit-Baltistan, in Pakistan. The purpose of the research was to help the leader in identifying and capitalizing his strengths for the improvement of teaching learning process at the school. Therefore, primary research participant in the study was the school head teacher. The study was carried out under qualitative research paradigm which employed Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a method of research. AI is deep rooted in the philosophy that every organization and individual possesses some strengths. The process (AI) proceeded through the five developmental phases i-e defining, discovery, dreaming, designing and delivery. In these phases the data generation tools utilized were appreciative interviews, observations, feedback sessions, reflections and reflective dialogues. Data revealed that the discovered affirmative cores were teaching as his passion, future of students as the most important thing in his life and love for improving the teaching learning process at the school. The head teacher was engaged to envision the future of the school that he shared was to improve the quality of education. For the achievement of the envisioned goal the mutually decided strategy was structured class observations followed by feedback sessions and reflective dialogues for further improving the process. Findings revealed that the process was helpful in developing the school leader and improving the teaching learning process. The development of the school leader was evidenced through his changed perception and behavior and also the improved coaching skills in providing more positive feedbacks. The improvement in teaching and learning was witnessed through the improved academic performance of students.