مناهج المؤرخين المعاصرين في كتابة السيرة النبوية: شلبي وشاكر أنموذجا

This paper encompassed the methods of contemporary historians in presenting the Prophet's biography: Shalabī and Shākir as a model. The purpose of this research was a comparative study of the methods of two different contemporary writers in the field of biography. The method used for the research was comparative. This fact was established that there are very few contemporary historians who contributed in writing of the Prophet's biography, but although these two important historians were diligent researchers with good works and successful writings, but much that they have benefited from history needs and objected even settled facts like some of the correct aḥādīth and some important events that took place in the in reference no is there as (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet Great the of biography the books to the sources relied on in the historical narratives, nor in the narration of the biography. There are many shortcomings in the two books which are in the most important Islamic arts, especially in the Encyclopedia of Dr. Shākir, and special research and books should be devoted to the answers to the silence of such shortcomings, and there is a strong need to compose valuable books in response to the shortcomings of such sporadic encyclopedias. Special books in such art must be devoted to the important Islamic arts, and do not include a variety of subjects on general history. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) biography Muhammad s'Prophet the of art the inc

Statistical Analysis of the Lifetime Mixture Models under Bayesian Approach

This thesis deals with statistical analysis of the lifetime mixture models under Bayesian approach. Type-I right censored sampling scheme is used. Choice of distribution is made keeping in view the originality and applicability. These contain Inverse Rayleigh, Gun- mbel Type-II, Frechet, Inverse Weibull and Inverted Exponential distributions. These mixtures distribution have not been explored so far in Bayesian setup. Bayes estimators for the parameters of the mixture models are derived in closed form using type-I right censoring. To conduct Bayesian analysis, informative and non- informative priors are considered while three di erent loss functions, Squared error loss function, Precautionary loss function and DeGroot loss function are employed. A thor- ough simulation study is made to scrutinize the properties of proposed Bayes estimators. For the Inverse Weibull model, when all the parameters are unknown, Bayes estimators can not be gained in closed form, thus importance sampling technique is used to get the Bayes estimate in this case. For the elicitation of hyperparametrs , we used prior predictive and prior mean method. Limiting expressions of the Bayes estimators and their corresponding posterior risks are also derived. For the Inverse Weibull distribution, Bayes estimators and the posterior risks for reliability function are also discussed. Graphical representation of the simulation analysis results are also presented for each mixture model. Applications of these mixture models are also o ered by applying a real data set in each case.