المبحث الثاني: سبب تسميتها بنازك الملائكة
اسم نازک اسم ترکي، ولدت شاعرۃ العراق الحزینۃ عقب الثورۃ التي قادتھا الثائرۃ السوریۃ (نازک العابد) ضد الإحتلال الفرنسي، فسماھا أبوھا بذلک الإسم، أیضاً رأیٰ جد الطفلۃ أن تسمیٰ نازک إکراماً للثائرۃ وتعظیماً لھا وھذہ الطفلۃ کانت جدیۃ منذ طفولتھا تکرہ المزاح والثرثرۃ، استفادت الشاعرۃ من ھذہ الجد یۃ في المستقبل فأصبحت شاعرۃ العراق الحزینۃ المعروفۃ ورائدۃ(الشعر الحر)۔
الملائکة المھذبون
یشرح الدکتور نزار[1] (شقیقھا) عن اسم العائلۃ (الملائکۃ) بأنّ أطلِقَ علیھم الملائکۃ لھدوئهم وانطوائهم الإیجابي علی الذات وأنھم بالأصل من عائلۃ جلبي(تلفظ شلبي) وھي عائلۃ کبیرۃ ومعروفۃ. وأخبر نزار بأن قد جاء شاعر عراقي علی زیارتنا ورأی ھدوء وسکینۃ العائلۃ، وکان یرانا ھادئین لا نسبب الضجیج للجیران فسمانا ملائکۃ ، فانتشر ھذا اللقب بالحي۔
وأیضاً تروي الکاتبۃ اللبنانیۃ ’’حیاۃ شرارۃ‘‘[2] بأنّ اسم الملائکۃ قد أطلق علی العائلۃ قبل قرنین من الزمن وذلک بسبب التھذیب المفرط لأبنائها، وأنّ أباھا صادق الملائکۃ أعطاھا اسم نازک تعظیماً بنازک العابد، إحدی المناضلات السوریات ضد الإحتلال الفرنسي في الربع الأول من القرن العشرین[3]۔
[1] نزار: شقیق نازك الملائکۃ سبق التعرف علیہ
[2] حیاۃ شرارۃ: الکاتبۃ اللبنانیۃ ولدت في عام 1935 لمدینۃ النجف۔ وأکملت دراستھا في بغداد، لھا ترجمات ومؤلفات، کتبت القصۃ والمقالۃ أیضاً، تزوجت من الدکتور محمد صالح سمیسم
[3] بزیغ، شوقي ’’نازك الملائکۃ وداعاً‘‘: ’’الشاعرۃ الثائرۃ تستکین للموت‘‘ مجلۃ العربي، ع 585 (أغسطس:2007) ص:90۔
Indeed, nobody can deny the role and importance of women in any peaceful society. Their contribution is not only essential to enhance the living standard but also they are life blood of prosperity and beauty of this universe. In each & every field of life their need is felt but regrettably, it is not realized by all that how much women have experienced discrimination and deprivation of their rights and freedom. Many of restrictions and limitations faced by them are due to culture and tradition. Although women play an important role in the development and success of men, but do not get any reward for their allegiance, loyalty and devotion. Islam acknowledged equality of women with men in a great way. In Islam women get a praiseworthy and admirable position which no religion ever gave them. Islam defined their duties and ordered to treat them equally but in spite of all that the woman of today’s Muslim world in general and Pakhtun society in particular is not entertaining their rights and status. This study specifically focusses on highlighting one of the Pakhtun customs and its aspects that badly violate the religious teachings regarding the Women marriage Status and there will also be some recommendations in order to eradicate these unlawful trends from society as to empower the women in real sense.
Over the last four decades financial market researchers come up with a resounding evidence about the
influence of investors’ behavior on their investment decision making. This is in contrast to conventional
economics and finance literature developed over the years. In the pursuit to be counted as pure science,
economists and conventional finance researchers ignored the possible effect of different behavioral aspects
on investment decision making. They assumed that investors are rational and financial markets are perfect.
But this line of thinking was unable to explain the events which unfolded in financial markets over 1980s to
2000s. During the same period, behavioral economics and finance got more and more importance and
acceptance in the field of economics and finance.
The field of behavioral finance is fairly new in Pakistan therefore this study aims at exploring the possible
effect of investor behavior on investment decision. This study tests two behavioral models, investor regret
aversion and investor overconfidence, in Pakistani financial markets. Using primary data, collected through a
survey instrument, from a sample of 229 investors using simple and multiple linear regression models, a
strong support is found for the two models. All four alternative hypotheses of investor regret aversion model
are accepted using both simple and multiple linear regression models. On the other hand, four out of five
alternate hypotheses are accepted based on both simple and multiple linear regression models. The study
couldn’t find a strong support for the moderation effect of demographic variables in the two models. The
results, however, show that investor overconfidence decreases with increase in investor age, experience and
value of portfolio. All of the findings either support the findings of historical studies or in accordance with the
basic theories in the area of behavioral finance and economics. There are certain limitations of this study and
therefore further research is required, as suggested in the future research directions, to get an in-depth
understanding of investor behavior in Pakistani financial markets.