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Home > The Role of Citizen Community Boards in Community Empowerment Through Citizen Participation in District Haripur, Pakistan

The Role of Citizen Community Boards in Community Empowerment Through Citizen Participation in District Haripur, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Asghar Ali

Supervisor

Muhammad Nazir Mahmood

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

96.;

Subject

Social Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: 307.1 ASR; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710613314

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ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے

ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع دیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
علم ایک خزانہ ہے، ہر ایک اس خزانے سے اپنی تجوریوں کو بھرنا چاہتا ہے، علم جستجو سے حاصل ہوتا ہے ،علم کے حصول کے لیے محنت شاقہ کی ضرورت ہے، علم کی تگ و دو میں زندگیاں صرف ہو جاتی ہیں۔ معلومات حاصل کرتے کرتے ایّام زیست گزر جاتے ہیں۔ معلومات جیسی بھی ہوں جہالت کے گھٹا ٹوپ اندھیروں کا خاتمہ کر دیتی ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
معلومات کا خزانہ اس وقت متمتع اور کار آمد ثابت ہوتا ہے، جب اس خزانے کے صحیح مصارف معلوم ہوں، ان معلومات کے لیے صحیح استعمال سے آشنائی حاصل ہو، معلومات کے مطابق زندگی کے ڈھنگ ہر صاحب علم کی دسترس میں ہوں۔ دنیا بھر کی معلومات ہیں لیکن وہ صرف اپنی ذات کی حد تک محدود ہیں تو وہ نہ ہونے کے برابر ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
جب کسی کام میں حکمت شامل ہو جاتی ہے تو اس کے حسن کو دوبالا کر دیتی ہے، اس کی خوبصورتی میں اضافہ ہو جاتا ہے، اس کی دھنک کے رنگ نمایاں ہو جاتے ہیں، اس کی اہمیت دوبالا ہو جاتی ہے، اس کی شان نرالی ہو جاتی ہے۔ دانائی اور حکمت سے معمور کام انفرادیت کا حامل ہوتا ہے، اس علم صفت کے حامل طفلان خودمعا ملہ نہیں ہوتے بلکہ زیرک و فطین لوگ ہوتے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
حکمت کے پھول کاغذی پھول نہیں ہوتے، گلشن حکمت و دانائی میں چلنے والی ہوا حیات بخش جھونکوں سے معمور ہوتی ہے، جس جگہ پر حکمت ہوتی ہے...

سائنس اور تہذیب و تمدن کے فروغ میں اسلام کا کردار

Islam is a complete code of life. It has complete instructions regarding all aspects of life. There is no moment in human life when the wisdom of Islam has not benefited humanity. Likewise there is no such area in the world where Islam has not put the light of guidance. Allah Almighty has systematically administered this world system.  Allah created the universe and set it disciplined, then created man and gave him every kind of physical, rational, logical and argumintive ability, so that humans can know the secrets of the universe by thinking and understanding it. The journey of research and discovery, which started long ago, is still continues today after passing through different stages of research. This journey of research resulted in evolution of philosophy, civilization, promotion of new scientific innovations and discoveries. The research and discovery resulted in the secrets of heaven and earth.  Today, man stands at the stage of science and technology, about which the human being in the older days even could not imagine of it. In this entire evolutionary journey, the religion of Islam is the only religion that not only stood firmly with humans, but guided him at every step during this evolutionary journey. In this context, the Quranic teachings are comprehensive matter. Allamah Sayyuti says "There is no knowledge and problem that is not discussed in the Qur'an. So Islam invites human to research in the system of the universe and presents the system of universe for its authenticity.

Decision Support System for Detection of Hypertensive Retinopathy Using Avr and Papilledema

The interior and vital part of human eye is retina whose function is to capture and send images to brain. It consists of different structures along with two types of blood vessels; veins and arteries. These retinal blood vessels are affected by number of eye diseases such as Hypertensive Retinopathy (HR) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). HR is a retinal disease that is caused by consistent elevated blood pressure (hypertension). Many people in the World are suffering from HR disease; however, in most of cases, HR patients are unaware of it. The automated diagnostic systems are very useful for ophthalmologists to diagnose different retinal diseases. With the help of automated systems, the ophthalmologists can monitor and make treatment plan of retinal disease. Many researchers have developed different automated HR detection systems, but no automated system exists that detects and grades HR along with Papilledema (last stage of HR). Most of existing methods only performed artery venous classification rather than complete automated method for HR detection and grading. In this thesis, an automated system is presented that detects the HR at various stages using Arteriovenous Ratio (AVR) and Papilledema (optic disc swelling) signs. The proposed system consists of two modules i.e. vascular analysis for calculation of AVR and optic nerve head region analysis for Papilledema. AVR calculating stage consists of three major modules i.e. main component extraction, Artery and Vein (A/V) classification and AVR calculation. A new set of color and statistical features have been proposed in this research for accurate A/V classification. The proposed system effectively performs A/V classification and vessels width calculation for AVR computation to diagnose and grade HR. Second module detects and grades the Papilledema through analysis of fundus retinal images. The proposed system formulates a feature set which consists of Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, optic disc margin obscuration, color and vascular features. A feature vector of these features is used for classification of normal and Papilledema images using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with its Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. The variations in retinal blood vessels, color properties, texture deviation of optic disc and its peripapillary region, and fluctuation of obscured disc margin are effectively identified and used by the proposed system for the detection and grading of Papilledema. In this thesis, a new local dataset AVRDB containing 100 images is developed for analysis of HR and annotated with assistance of expert ophthalmologists of Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Pakistan. The proposed methods are evaluated on the images of INSPIRE-AVR, VICAVR, STARE and newly developed HR dataset (AVRDB). The proposed HR detection method shows the average accuracies of 95.14%, 96.82% and 98.76% for INSPIRE-AVR, VICAVR and AVRDB databases, respectively. It also shows HR grading results with average accuracies of 98.65%, 98.61% and 98.92% for INSPIRE-AVR, VICAVR and AVRDB databases, respectively. The proposed Papilledema detection method shows average accuracy of 92.86% and grading results with average accuracy of 97.85% on hybrid dataset of 160 images (70 images of AVRDB database and 90 images of STARE database), respectively. These results authenticate that this research is a milestone towards automated detection and grading of HR disease.