محمد یوسف صدیقی
افسوس ہے اِنھیں دنوں ہمارے فاضل اورلائق دوست جناب یوسف صاحب صدیقی بھی ہم سے جدا ہوگئے، مرحوم انگریزی اخبار ریڈینس (اب ممنوع) کے اڈیٹر تھے۔ علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی کے گریجویٹ تھے،انگریزی اوراردو دونوں میں تحریر وتقریر کی قدرت تھی۔بڑے ہوش و گوش اور سمجھ بوجھ کے انسان تھے۔ صبرو استقلال اورخلوص اُن کا شعار تھا، مجلسِ مشاورت کے جنرل سکریٹری تھے،جماعت ِ اسلامی (اب ممنوع) کے ہائی کمانڈ میں شامل ہونے کے باعث متعدد بار قیدو بند کی تکالیف سے دوچار ہوئے ،لیکن پائے استقامت میں کبھی جنبش نہیں ہوئی،جووقت پڑا اسے ہنسی خوشی انگیزکرلیا۔ریڈینس کے ایڈیٹر کی حیثیت سے عرب ملکوں اورخصوصاً سعودیہ عرب میں اُن کا بڑا وقار و اعتبارتھا چنانچہ وہاں کی متعدد کانفرنسوں میں مدعو کی حیثیت سے شریک ہوئے۔ گھر کے بہت خوش حال اورصاحبِ املاک وجائداد تھے۔ عمر اسّی کے لگ بھگ ہوگی، اس کے باوجود گھر کا عیش وآرام چھوڑ کرجماعتی کاز کی خاطر دلّی میں غربت اور بے آرامی کی زندگی بسرکرتے رہے۔ اپنے وطن ٹونک میں تھے کہ وہاں سے بیوی کے ڈاکٹری معائنہ کی غرض سے جے پور آئے، ابھی ڈاکٹری معائنہ مکمل نہیں ہوا تھا کہ خود انہیں پیغامِ اجل آپہنچا۔ بڑی خوبیوں کے نہایت شریف اور باوضع انسان تھے۔ اللٰھُمَّ اغْفِرْلَہٗ وَارحمہ۔ [مئی۱۹۷۶ء]
This article addresses the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, normally used to determine how quickly economic growth has contracted in a region, i.e. Adverse growth. Thus, the Finance Ministers and the ASEAN Central Bank Governors have decided on a number of promises, including (1) that exceptional policy responses to resolve this pandemic would be washed away to restore economic activity. (2) to enhance the economic and financial monitoring efficiency of the area, and to promote readiness to act as an efficient financial safety net in the region and as an essential component of the global financial security net of the Chiang May Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM). (3) to facilitate greater intra-ASEAN exchange and investment by setting up eligible ASEAN banks (4) funding for local currency use programs for settlements, foreign investments and other operations between ASEAN countries, such as revenue and transfer transactions. (5) supports the advancement of partnership in the area of the funding of infrastructures, in the context of many recommendations to facilitate private investment growth, among other steps. (6) to promote initiatives to use digital financial services to enhance the financial inclusion of the area and to enhance cooperation on various cyber risk management material.
In this thesis, we investigate gravitational collapse in f(R, T) modified theory of gravity. We focus on the study of gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric and FriedmannRobertsonWalker(FRW) metrics for both dust and perfect fluid cases. We also explore the gravitational collapse of 5D spherically symmetric spacetime in f(R, T) gravity and extend this work to N-dimensional spherically symmetric spacetimes. Furthermore, we explore the effect of electromagnetic fields on the gravitational collapse in f(R, T) modified theory of gravity. Firstly, we discuss the gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric spacetime for both dust and perfect fluid cases in f(R, T) gravity. For this purpose, we consider the spherically symmetric spacetime as the interior region and Schwarzschild metric as the exterior region. The junction conditions between the exterior and interior regions are found by matching the exterior and interior regions. The field equations are solved by taking the assumptions that the Ricci scalar as well as the trace of energy-momentum tensor are constant, for a particular f(R, T) = R + 2f(T) model. We calculate the gravitational mass of the collapsing system. Also, we discuss the apparent horizons and their time formation for different possible cases. It is shown that the term f(R0, T0) behaves as a source of repulsive force and consequently it slows the collapse of matter. We then discuss gravitational collapse in the context of f(R, T) gravity by taking FRW metric in the interior and schwarzschild background in the exterior regions of the star. We solve the field equations by taking the assumption of constant curvature and constant trace of energy-momentum tensor. We found that the terms 2λρ0−f(R0, T0) and f(R0, T0)+2λ(p0−ρ0) behave as cosmological constant for both dust and perfect fluid cases. Next, we discuss spherically symmetric perfect fluid collapse in the frame work of f(R, T ) modified theories of gravity using a five dimensional background. For this reason we consider the five dimensional spherically symmetric metric as the interior region and a five dimensional Schwarzschild metric as an exterior region. The junction conditions between the exterior and interior regions are discussed. By taking above mentioned model, the corresponding field equations are evaluated for both marginally bound L(r) = 1 and non-marginally bound L(r) 6= 1 cases. We find the apparent horizons and their time formation for different possible cases. It has been concluded that the term involving λ plays double role: it speeds up the collapse in region where ρ0 < 4p0; and it slows down the collapsing of matter when ρ0 > 4p0. Furthermore, we extend this work to the N-dimensional case and find that the collapse process becomes faster in the region ρ0 < (n + 1)p0 and slower in the region ρ0 > (n + 1)p0. Furthermore, it is noted that our results reduce to previously published results [80] found in GR for λ = 0. Finally, we analyze the effect of electromagnetic field on the gravitational collapse in f(R, T ) modified theories of gravity by taking spherically symmetric metric in the interior region and Reissner-Nordstrom ¨ metric in the exterior region. We discuss the issue of apparent horizons. We conclude that the end state of a star, in the presence of electromagnetic fields in the f(R, T ) gravity framework, is a black hole. It is shown that the collapse is slower in the region ρc < 3pc and faster in the region ρc > 3pc. Moreover, for λ = 0, our results correspond to those of GR found previously[120].