آہ مفتی اعظم ہند!
[ مفتی محمد کفایت اﷲ دہلوی]
واحسرتا!۳۱/دسمبر۱۹۵۲ء کو شب کے ساڑھے دس بجے یعنی ٹھیک اس وقت جبکہ ایک سال شمسی اپنی حیات ِدوازدہ ماہ کی مقررہ مدت پوری کرکے ہمیشہ کے لیے گوشۂ عدم میں آسودۂ سکون ہوجانے کی تیاری کررہاتھا علم وعمل کے آسمان کاایک آفتاب عالم تاب غروب ہوگیا۔یعنی حضرتنا الاستاذ مولانا الحاج المفتی محمد کفایت اﷲ دہلوی نے اسّی (۸۰) سال کی لگ بھگ عمر میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ کرجان جان آفریں کے سپرد کی!انا ﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔
حضرت مفتی صاحب کا وجود گرامی اپنی چند درچند علمی وعملی خوبیوں اور گوناگوں دماغی واخلاقی کمالات کے باعث صرف ہندوستان اورپاکستان کانہیں بلکہ پورے عالم اسلام کاایک متاع گرانمایہ اورسرمایہ بلند پایہ تھا کہ آج اس کے اُٹھ جانے پرجتنا بھی ماتم اوراُس پر جتنا بھی افسوس کیاجائے کم ہے۔حضرت مولانا خودجلیل القدر بزرگ اوربزرگوں کی یادگار تھے، انہیں دیکھ کر اوراُن کی صحبت میں دوچار لمحے گزار کرسلف صالحین کی یادتازہ ہوتی تھی۔قدرت نے اُن میں دل اور دماغ دونوں کی خوبیاں اوران کے فضائل وکمالات کچھ اس طرح بیک وقت جمع کردیے تھے کہ اُن کی ہستی’’اے تومجموعۂ خوبی بچہ نامت خوانم‘‘کا مصداق بن گئی تھی۔ وہ ایک طرف بہت بڑے عالم،مفسر،محدث اورفقہیہ تھے تو دوسری جانب علوم عربیہ کے جامع تھے اور ان میں بہت ٹھوس استعداد رکھتے تھے۔ پھر معاملات میں سوجھ بوجھ اورسیاسی ودنیوی امور ومسائل میں ان کی فرزانگی ودانشمندی کایہ عالم تھا کہ جس طرح علما کی بزم کے وہ صدرنشیں تھے اسی طرح ارباب سیاست وتدبیر کی محفل میں بھی اپنامقام خاص رکھتے تھے ’’جوبات کہتے تھے‘‘اورجو لفظ اُن کے قلم سے نکلتا تھاوہ اس قدرجچا تلااور نپانپایا ہوتا تھا کہ کسی بڑے سے بڑے نکتہ چیں کے لیے بھی اُس پر حرف گیری آسان نہ تھی۔ یوں تو اﷲ...
The Poem “Ya Salikayah” is a collection of verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi has compiled it and the main thing is that he has compiled these verses by in keeping with the literature and eloquence and rules. Such a compilation is not just a matter of every ordinary person rather, this work can be done by a person who is well aware of the rules of making of poetry and verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi was well aware of these rules but he had mastered it. The thesis writer has described the expression style and thoughts of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi in his thesis and also tried to prove that Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi had special kind of proficiency in Arabic despite he was Non-Arab which can be seen in his these verses. These verses show the special style of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi which thesis writer has proven and also proved that he has compiled this collection of verses in the best style. According to the research of thesis writer this poem is not still in the form of a book but in the form of a pen and paper format. And thesis writer has also tried to prove that the thoughts which are in these verses belong to Hazrat Makhdoom Thattavi himself. He used to shape thoughts into ideas before compiling these verses and then used to put his sincere poetry in it and compile it. It is estimated from these verses that it is affected when the audience hears and reads these verses.
Aridity, brackish water, low organic matter, poor soil structure and intensive cropping are main challenges of Pakistan’s agriculture. Sustained soil quality and productivity are needed to feed the growing population that can only be achieved through sustainable management practices. A stepwise mechanistic study was conducted for restoration of soil carbon and re-establishment of degraded soil with sustained crop productivity. A preliminary study was conducted mixing different organic substrates (farm manure, poultry manure, biochar, flyash, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk and molasses) @ 1.5% of soil weight and incubated for 42 days. Farm manure, poultry manure and molasses yielded more particle aggregation, biological activity and macroaggregate carbon on each sample collection and were selected through trending of parameters in cluster analysis. These selected treatments were then applied in pot study while maintaining soil water contents @ 50, 75, 100 and 125% of available water contents (AWC), using maize as test crop. Different maize root parameters i.e. length (44.55 cm), fresh and dry weights (71.10 g and 24.30 g), diameter (1.73 mm), volume (0.24 cm3) and length density (7.4 × 10-3 cm cm-3) were calculated in pots receiving farm manure as organic amendment and soil water content maintained at 75% AWC. All parameter values were statistically at par with all other organic treatments at 75% AWC and 100% AWC but significantly higher than all plant parameters of each organic treatment at 50% or 125% AWCs. Using cluster analysis 75% AWC level was selected as best level for plant growth and that was maintained in the field trials. During two year field experimentation physical indices of soil i.e. water stable soil aggregates (40.7 and 39.9%), soil organic carbon (12.6 and 12.1 g kg-1), saturated hydraulic conduction (27.9 and 27 mm h-1), rate of infiltration (26.1 and 25.4 mm h-1), soil total porosity/void ratio (0.49 and 0.48 m3 m-3) were observed where farm manure was added in soil as treatment. Agronomic characteristics of maize i.e. corn yield (9.47 and 9.21 Mg ha-1) and use efficiency of irrigation water (11.1 and 10.8 kg mm-1 yr-1) were found in farm manure treated plots. All of these values were vigilantly greater than control but were found statistically similar to other treatments. Organic addition recovered soil structure that resulted in water retention, good aeration and root penetration which helped to achieve yield goals along with saving by 25% irrigation water. The farmers are primarily recommended to use organic manures along with mineral fertilizers and synthetically active biological products to sustain production, saving soils and water for our next generation.