جسٹس سید کرامت حسین کی ناگہانی موت گو عام دنیائے علم کے لئے کچھ کم باعث حسرت نہیں ہے لیکن ہمارے لئے اس سے زیادہ غم افروز ہے۔ مرحوم ہماری مجلس کے نائب صدر تھے اور ہمیشہ اپنے قیمتی مشوروں سے ہماری اعانت کرتے تھے۔ وہ خود بھی علمی مشاغل میں مصرف رہتے تھے، آخر عمر میں ’’المرآۃ‘‘ نام ایک ضخیم کتاب عورتوں کے حقوق و خصائص پر تصنیف فرما رہے تھے۔ ان کی سادگی اخلاص کار، ایثار اور خالص علمی خدمات ہمیشہ یادگار رہیں گی۔وہ لکھنؤ کے خاندان اجتہاد سے تھے، انہوں نے عربی کی تکمیل کے بعد انگریزی کی طرف توجہ کی اور لندن جاکر بیرسٹر ہوئے، انکو فلسفہ سے خاص ذوق تھا، جدید فلسفہ کے دقائق کو اردو میں لکھنے کی ابتداء انہیں سے ہوئی، سالمات کی اصطلاح انہیں کی بنائی ہوئی ہے، اردو میں افراد کاسیہ کے نام سے ان کا بڑا اچھا رسالہ ہے، وہ ہندوستان واپس آکر علی گڑھ کالج میں پہلے قانون کے پروفیسر ہوئے۔ اسی زمانہ میں مولانا شبلی سے ان کی ملاقات اور راہ و رسم ہوئی۔ عربی فلسفہ یعنی عربی فیلالوجی سے ان کو بڑی مناسبت تھی۔ المقدسہ کے نام سے عربی میں ان کا ایک رسالہ نہایت مفید ہے۔ آخر میں الہ آباد ہائیکورٹ میں جج ہوگئے تھے۔ اس سے الگ ہونے کے بعد لکھنؤ میں قیام کیا تھا۔ مسلم گرلز اسکول انہیں کے وقف سے وجود میں آیا۔
اس زمانہ میں دارالمصنفین نیا نیا قائم ہوا تھا ہمارے ارکان خاص میں سے مولوی عبدالماجد صاحب دریابادی اور مولوی عبدالباری صاحب ندوی، جدید فلسفہ کے عشاق میں تھے اور اس وقت ان کے نزدیک سب سے بڑا کام یہ تھا کہ اردو زبان میں جدید فلسفہ کی اہم کتابوں کو منتقل کیا جائے، اس بناء پر جسٹس سید کرامت حسین صاحب سے اس...
Education has been considered of primary importance in human life. Religion and education are interrelated. A civilized society requires educational revolution in behavior of human beings. Education creates awareness about the human goals and real aim of life. This activity makes it possible to train the people in the right direction. Better education coupled with proper training makes a human being well-mannered and enables him to use his hidden qualities for the benefit of mankind, thus making him a beneficial not only for himself but also for the society. The preaching of religion depends upon the education and training. Our holy Prophet ﷺ was an ideal educationist not only of his time but also for the future generations. The Holy Prophet ﷺ being a great educationist and reformer initiated the University of Suffa in Medina when the Islamic society was in its infancy. Prophet ﷺ described the conditions, pattern and qualities of a teacher. A good teacher must be interpreted as good practitioner as well. The article deals with the moral qualities of a teacher and educationist in the light of teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The discussion has made clear the aim of Islamic education which is not limited within the domain of worship or prayers. Islam is a complete code of life which emphasizes the training of human being through education.
Chlorpyrifos (ChF) is widely used in agricultural fields and indoor for controlling pests. It sinks in the aquatic sediments and pose toxicity for aquatic organisms including fish. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress enzymes, and histological alterations in the liver, spleen, and heart of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) due to ChF exposure. Median lethal concentration (LC50 24 H) was calculated as 52.78 ?g/l by exposing fish with different acute concentrations (0, 1, 15, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 100 and 150 ?g/l) of ChF. For assessment of sublethal toxicity of ChF, the fish were divided into four groups, one group served as control (C) while three groups (ChF1, ChF2, ChF3,) were exposed to three sublethal doses of ChF. ChF1 group was treated with 3.51 ?g/l (1/15th of LC50) of ChF whereas, ChF2 and ChF3 groups were treated with 5.27 ?g/l (1/10th of LC50) and 10.55 ?g/l (1/5th of LC50) of ChF respectively for 14 days and oxidative stress enzymes, biochemical parameters, behavioral changes and histological alterations were evaluated. It was found that level of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly (p=0.05) in the gills and liver of tilapia treated with sublethal concentrations of ChF. Study of morphological features exposed that fish in the control groupshowed significantly increase in weight and length (p=0.05) as compared to ChF treated fish. The behavioral changes as reduced feeding rate, eratic swimming, increased surface gulping, aggregation in the corner of tank, hemorrhage, and darkening of skin coloration was observed in all ChF treated groups. The significant elevation in level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in all groups treated with different sublethal concentrations of ChF. Histological study of liver tissues shown increased number of kupffer cells, hydropic degeneration, dilated sinusoids, congestion, necrosis, and hemorrhage in liver of fish from all treatment groups. In the spleen of fish exposed to ChF increased number of melanomacrophage centres (MMCs), necrosis, congestion, and hemorrhage was detected. Disorganized muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fiber degeneration, coagulative necrosis, congestion in blood vessel and necrosis was perceived in the heart of ChF treated fish. This study concluded that sublethal concentrations of ChF can induce oxidative stress and histological alterations in the tissues of tilapia.