گاندھی، مہاتما
فداے انسانیت گاندھی!
مصائب اور تھے پر دل کا جانا
عجب اک سانحہ سا ہوگیا ہے
واحسر تاکہ آج قلم کو امن و سلامتی کے اس داعی عدل و انصاف کے اس علمبردار اور اخلاص و عمل کے اس پیکر کا ماتم کرنا پڑا جو ساری عمر ملک و قوم کا غم گسار رہا، اور اس کی راہ میں جان عزیز تک قربان کردی اور کس قدر عبرت کا مقام ہے کہ اس بدقسمت ملک و قوم کے ایک فرد کے ہاتھوں اس کے محسن اعظم کی شمع حیات گل ہوئی، جس کی عزت و سربلندی کے لئے اس نے اپنی پوری عمر صرف کردی اور اس کو زمین کی پستی سے اٹھا کر آسمان کی بلندی تک پہنچا دیا، لیکن دنیا کے بہت سے اکابر اور محسنین انسانیت اس درجہ عظمیٰ پر سرفراز ہوئے، پھر یہ جلیل القدر انسان اس خلعت امتیاز سے کیوں محروم رہتا، یہ تو اس کی عظمت و جلالت کی آخری اور سب سے بڑی سند ہے۔
مادیت کے اس تاریک دور میں جب کہ مہذب انسان انسانیت کی بربادی کے درپے ایٹم بم کی تیاری میں مشغول، ساری دنیا آگ و خون کے سمندر میں غرق اور امن و سلامتی کو ترستی ہے، اس محسن انسانیت نے دنیا کو الفت و محبت اور اخوت و مساوات کا پیام دیا اور اخلاق و روحانیت کا بھولا ہوا سبق یاد دلادیا اور بے تیغ و تفنگ کے اخلاقی قوت سے فتح حاصل کرنا اور دلوں کو مسخر کرنا سکھایا، اور عملاً ثابت کرکے دکھا دیا کہ دنیا میں اصل طاقت اسلحہ کی نہیں بلکہ اخلاق کی ہے اور اسی کے ذریعہ دنیا میں ہندوستان کا سر اونچا کیا، اس نے مکر و فریب کی سیاست میں سچائی کی روح پھونکی وہ مظلوموں کا حامی، غریبوں کا سہارا اور بے...
The purpose of this research is to see the implementation, evaluation, and advantages and disadvantages of the Tami Otaka Method. The Tami Otaka Method is a method of memorizing by using the ability of the right brain by means of the students memorizing the Qur’an while moving their hands from the verse they are reading. The type of research taken is field research using a qualitative approach. The object of this research is TK PINTAR Bandung, which includes the principal, tahfidz teacher, curriculum, and students. To obtain research data, researcher used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis, so that the results of this study are manifested in the form of words both orally and verbally. The results obtained are as follows: first, to achieve purpose of the learning, TK PINTAR Bandung uses the Tami Otaka method with the help of audio, visual, audio-visual and body movements of a teacher. Second, the curriculum used is a synthesis of the National Curriculum and the Typical Curriculum of TK PINTAR Bandung. Third, learning is carried out in groups. Fourth, the evaluation is given continuously everyday and there is also an evaluation every semester. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan, penerapan, evaluasi serta kelebihan dan kekurangan dari Metode Tami Otaka. Metode Tami Otaka adalah Metode menghafal menggunakan kemampuan otak kanan dengan cara siswa menghafal Al-Qur’an sambil menggerakkan tangan dari arti ayat yang dibaca. Jenis penelitian yang diambil adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah lembaga TK PINTAR Bandung yang di dalamnya ada kepala sekolah, guru tahfidz, kurikulum, dan siswa. Untuk memperoleh data penelitian, peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif deskriptif, sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini diwujudkan dalam bentuk kata-kata baik tulisan maupun lisan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebagai berikut: pertama, untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, TK PINTAR Bandung menggunakan metode Tami Otaka dengan dibantu media auido, visual, audio-visual dan gerakan tubuh dari seorang guru. Kedua, kurikulum yang digunakan sintesis dari kurikulum Nasional dan kurikulum khas TK PINTAR Bandung. Ketiga, pembelajaran dilakukan secara berkelompok. Keempat, evaluasi diberikan terus menerus setiap harinya dan ada juga evaluasi tiap semester.
Mungbean is superior over all other pulses because it is rich in proteins (24.2%), carbohydrates (60.4%), dietary fiber (14.73%) and very low in fat (0.67%) and can substitute meat quite well especially for poor people. This valuable & high nutritive pulse has low yield due to the shortage of irrigated land as large agricultural land is affected by salt. Its yield can be increased by utilizing huge saline affected fields for its cultivation. Due to salt-sensitive nature of mungbean, five renowned genotypes NM-92, NM-98, NM-51, NM13-1, and NM19-19 were first evaluated under 0, 50, 150, 250 & 350 mM NaCl stress in this study at seedling stage. Among all genotypes NM-92 performed better for all growth, photosynthetic parameters, total soluble proteins, and antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT and SOD while, NM19-19 so considered to be highly sensitive at all concentration of NaCl. These two genotypes were further evaluated for cytotoxicity of NaCl. Where, NM-92 showed significantly higher mitotic index and the lesser number of chromosomal aberrations like stickiness in the chromosome, lagged anaphase, spiralization of chromosomes, bridge and disturbed anaphase then NM19-19 genotype. Therefore, enhancing further salt tolerance in mungbean plants to utilize huge saline agricultural lands, application of heat-shock (40 °C for 1h) and phytohormones (GAᴣ, IAA, and SA for 24h) were effective to minimize the adverse effect of salinity. For this purpose, pre- and post-imbibition of phytohormones were first assessed to find out the most effective treatment for salt tolerance. This experiment showed that pre-imbibition treatment of phytohormone alleviates salt stress much better than post-treatment of phytohormone. Furthermore, heat-shock (40 °C), was also able to induce salt tolerance when applied prior to salt stress. The pre-treatment effect of heat-shock (40 °C), gibberellic acid (100 μM), indole acetic acid (100 μM), and salicylic acid (50 μM) on salt-stressed seedlings were investigated for some growth, photosynthetic, biomolecular, and biochemical parameters. Where, the maximum increase in seedling length, fresh biomass, total photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, and activities of SOD, APX, GPX, & CAT were found in SA pre-imbibed seedlings as compared to control, and any treatments. In contrast, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents were decreased in SA pre-treated salt stressed seedlings. Moreover, protein profile and dendrogram analysis grouped 25 treatments into 6 clusters. Where group of treatments in each cluster showed 100 % homology when comparison was made. However, pre-imbibition of SA treatment showed more divergent and higher number of protein bands among all treatments. Therefore, salicylic acid has a positive role in the mitigation of damage caused by salt stress for all mungbean genotypes. Thus, it is recommended that 50 μM salicylic acid pre-imbibed mungbean seeds have potential to be efficiently grow and give high yield on salt affected zone of the cultivable region, and among all genotypes NM-92 performed best and proved to be most salt tolerant genotype.