انمول قائد
بس تو کتنا انمول ہے ……بھٹو صاحب نے ڈی ایس پی راولپنڈی کی طرف دیکھا اور پوچھا ’’میرا نا م کیا ہے ‘‘ڈی سی نے جواب دیا ’’سر آپ ذوالفقار علی بھٹو ہیں ‘‘اور بھٹو صاحب نے پوچھا میرے والد کا کیا نام تھا ۔ڈی سی نے جواب دیا ’’سر ان کا نام سر شاہ نواز بھٹو تھا ‘‘اور بھٹو نے کہا قابض جنرل کا کیا نام ہے ۔ڈی ایس پی نے جواب دیا ’’جنرل ضیاء الحق ‘‘بھٹو صاحب بولے ’’تو اب اس قابض جنرل کے والدکا نام بتا ئو ‘‘ڈی ایس پی نے ادب سے عرض کیا ’’سر میں نہیں جانتا ‘‘بھٹو صاحب بولے ’’اور تم یہ چاہتے ہو کہ سر شاہ نواز بھٹو کا بیٹا ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کسی نامعلوم مولوی حق کے قابض بیٹے جنرل ضیاء الحق سے بھیک مانگے ۔
سلیوٹ فار فائونڈر آف اٹامک پاکستان
سیلوٹ فار فائونڈر آف مسلم نیشنز یونیٹی
سیلوٹ فار فائونڈر آف اسلامک ورلڈ بنک
سیلوٹ فار بھٹو
It is with profound pleasure that we write this editorial to welcome you to the new journal, “Pakistan Biomedical Journal” (PBMJ), an interdisciplinary international journal. PBMJ has successfully completed its first volume and now its the second volume. We greatly appreciate the response of scientists who have contributed previously and are still contributing to this new journal. The subject of the journal is interesting and we try to address the health related concerns of public and improve the understandingof scientific phenomenons by researchers. Research discoveries are happening at a fast pace, in all the fields and PBMJ provides an ideal forum for exchange of scientific knowledge in terms of full length papers, surveys, reviews, case studies, letters to editor and systematic analysis. PBMJ is committed to publishing all manuscripts receiving a high recommendation from reviewers. The intention of PBMJ is to create space for generation of new knowledge, debate, collaborations among national and international scientists. Our vision is to promote research that will be helpful for knowledge sharing, new discoveries, development of critical thinking among the upcoming scholars, guidance for policy makers, awareness among the concerned community and ultimately benefitting the general population in improving health and fitness at large. It is a matter of pride for us to haveexcellent editorial board members from renowned institutes. We aim to have the best standards of quality of the published manuscripts. With every issue, we are continuously trying to improve the standards. We look forward for more exciting researches and scientific studies from all over the world. We would like to extend a very warm welcome to the readers of PBMJ and hope you will join us as authors, reviewers and editors in future.
Members of Artemisia (Asteraceae) are of great economic, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. There are about 500 species distributed throughout the world except for Antarctica. Morphological, anatomical, cytological, palynological, genomic and physiological techniques are being used from ancient times for identification and natural classification of these plants but still have restrictions. The current study will help out in resolving the taxonomic complexities of the genus Artemisia sensu lato with an emphasis on subgenus Seriphidium sensu stricto and point out the potential molecular taxonomic markers. Artemisia subg. Seriphidium is one of the largest groups within Artemisia, encompassing more than one hundred species, some of them having considerable ecological and economical importance. However, the evolution of subg. Seriphidium has received less attention in comparison to other subgenera of Artemisia, probably, apart from the difficulty of sampling throughout its very large distribution area, because of the low molecular and morphological variability observed in previous studies. Here, thorough taxonomic sampling within both Artemisia and subg. Seriphidium is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the subgenus, employing nuclear and plastid DNA sequences as well as various phylogenetic, biogeographic and diversification dynamics tools to analyze the data. The results show that subg. Seriphidium is not monophyletic but segregated into two main clades: one large monophyletic group corresponding to the formerly recognized sect. Seriphidium and a second, small clade, phylogenetically distant from the first. Biogeographic and diversification analyses indicate that rapid radiation of species within the sect. Seriphidium occurred in Central Asia during the Miocene-Pliocene transition. The results of our biogeographic analysis suggest that this diversification process started around the Tian-Shan, Pamir and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, subsequently expanding into the Eurasian continent. Finally, the study uncovered numerous incongruences between taxonomic and genetic information in several sect. Seriphidium species, which could be explained by morphological uniformity, hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting processes. Moreover, the study researches the systematic position of members of Artemisia from Pakistan using molecular data. Furthermore, the research strongly supported the inclusion of Seriphidium within Artemisia. More investigation encompassing extensive sampling from numerous biogeographic regions and markers that are more variable would be necessary to disentangle systematic affinities within the genus.