Teaching Challenges Using the Zoom Application That Focuses on Student Concentration in Online Classrooms

The fast advancement in information technology stimulates educational creativity as well. Learning and training practices are often not only carried sout in the traditional manner, but also with the usage of a multitude of learning technologies options. The zoom program is one of the learning resources used in online courses. Zoom was an application developed during the Covid-19 timeframe to address the limitations between educators and students, especially in terms of space and time. With E-learning, educators and students are not limited to one dimension of time and space, and learning will run and neglect both. Learning by simulated children's attention, on the other hand, causes disruption in the learning phase. During the learning phase, students must maintain a high level of concentration. The level of concentration of students has a significant impact on the learning process' outcomes. Since attitude and focus have a beneficial association, high focus may often affect a person's attitude in a learning phase in order to produce optimal performance. Many factors may affect a person's attention, one of which is the learning environment. A peaceful atmosphere can undoubtedly improve a person's concentration level, while a silent / noisy environment will exacerbate one's focus during the learning phase.

Efficiency of Karachi Stock Exchange 2000-2012

The present study is conducted to investigate Weak Form Efficiency (WFE) of KSE-100 Index by using the daily data set from January 3, 2000 to November 30, 2012. This study estimated three unit root tests namely Augmented Dickey and Fuller (1979), Phillip-Perron (1988) and Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin (1992). Weak Form Efficiency was also investigated by applying autocorrelation test with the help of Q- statistics. From the statistical results mixed findings are concluded about the efficiency of KSE-100 index. The presence of unit root indicates that a time series is non-stationary or random walk or in other words Weak Form Efficient. Meanwhile, estimated statistical results of Ljung-Box Q-Statistic of autocorrelation concluded that KSE-100 index is not Weak Form Efficient. However, the main reason of difference in results is because of the low power of process of unit root tests if the process is stationary. The implication of these findings can play pivot role in case of investment decisions made in stock markets in Pakistan. Investment managers, investors, multinaltional and even policy makers of developing countries with prior knowledge about Weak Form Efficiency of stock markets of the Pakistan can make smart investment decisions with better risk management.