پاکستانی معاشرے میں مذہبی تقلید کا بہت زیادہ رواج ہے ۔ شریعت مطہرہ نے اجتہاد کا دروازہ قیامت تک کے لیے کھلا رکھا ہے اور مجتہد کے لیے اجر کا فیصلہ تو ہر صورت میں موجود ہے۔ ہم جب فقہ اسلامی کا مطالعہ کرتے ہیں تو واضح طور پر یہ نظر آتا ہے کہ متقدمین کے فیصلوں سے متاخرین نے اختلاف بھی کیا ہے اور اسے غلط روش بھی نہیں سمجھا گیا۔ حالات اورعرف کے مطابق فیصلوں میں تبدیلی کی گنجائش بہر حال موجود رہتی ہے، لیکن ہمارے ہاں اسے گناہ یا گناہ جیسا تصور کیا جاتاہے۔ لہذا اس امر کی اشد ضرورت ہے کہ حالات کے تناظر میں فقہی جمود سے پہلوتہی اختیار کرتے ہوئے فقہ المقارن سے استفادہ کرکے امت کو آسانی کی طرف لایا جائے ۔اس طرح سے کی جانے والی قانون سازی سے مجرموں کو سزا ہر صورت میں ملے گی۔ یہ اندھی تقلید شرعی سزاؤں میں معاون نہیں ہوتی بلکہ یہ حدود کے فیصلوں کو شبہ کی بنا پر تعزیرات کی طرف لے جانے کا سبب بن رہی ہیں ۔
Spirituality is usually understood as a way of being that flows from a certain profound experience of reality, which is known as ‘mystical’, ‘religious’, or ‘spiritual’ experience. There are numerous descriptions of this experience in the literature of the world’s religions, which tend to agree that it is a direct, non-intellectual experience of reality with some fundamental characteristics that are independent of cultural and historical contexts. Spiritual and scientific quests are two complementary inquiries into reality. Any feeling of antagonism between them is a product of a narrow vision. Science deals with what is measurable; religion is the quest for discovering and understanding the immeasurable. A scientist is not intelligent if he denies the existence of the immeasurable. There is nothing that is anti-science but there is a lot that is beyond science. The two quests have to go hand in hand. We not only need to have an understanding of the laws that govern the phenomena occurring in the external world around us but also we need to discover order and harmony in our consciousness. Human understanding is incomplete unless it covers both aspects of reality: matter as well as consciousness. Indeed the division between the scientific and spiritual quests is itself the creation of the human mind. Reality is one undivided whole which includes both matter and consciousness. Our thoughts, being limited by our experience, divide the external world from the inner world of our consciousness, in much the same way as our mind divides time from space though they are both two aspects of a single continuum۔
A linkage between universities and industry have been extended, but rather haphazardly researched. These arrangements usually concentrate on the flow of such knowledge is need of industry. While the popularity ofsuch arrangements between universities - industry and governmentis, especially given their relative novelty and policy visibility, overemphasizing such mechanisms does not do justice to equally if not more important, although indirect, linkages between academia – industry and government. The objective of the study is to examine the linkages and factors influencing the relationships between universities- Industry-government in Pakistan. A proposing conceptual model to process sustainable mechanismtoimprovethelinkagesamonggovernment,universities, national research institutions and firms, in order to enhance innovation and competitiveness in the industry. Presentresearchis to identify the relationship dynamics among industry, government and universities and redefine the role being played by academia to enhance its productive contribution in the contemporary knowledge based economy, and improve its ability to meet the dynamic market demands. Considering the underlying research purpose, the researcher has chosen the interpretive philosophical approach to qualitatively analyze different dimensions surrounding the underlying phenomenon. The interpretive approach suits well while evaluating the three-dimensional relationship between industry, academia and government. Collecting the general information about the current linkages and detailed investigation along with probing strategy would highlight the gaps between industry, academia and government linkages. Such perspectives can only be explored by employing the qualitative approach. Primary data sources for the underlying research include in-depth structured interviews viii with the higher education institutions and senior management from the corporate world. Content analysis and NVIVO were used for analysis of qualitative data to find out the major opportunities and challenges to fill the gap. During depth interviews many problems were highlighted, a list of most repeating opportunities as well as challenges has been discussed in the result. Universities stay with a low level of collaboration with the industry, both constructing agents and industry. The findings on university-industry government linkages observed to commend themselves that they should deliver graduates progressively important to industry and government needs, while government and industry should bolster finance for research and advance development, and also participate to grow new innovation. In addition, government ought to have a clear policy heading to help the industry On the bases of findings, this study proposes a conceptual model to develop a sustainable mechanism for university – industry – government linkages and other authorities. This research is helpful for the policy makers who can use it for establishing the mechanism among university - industry - government linkages in perspective of management and policies regarding in Pakistan.