مولانا آزاد سبحانی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مولانا آزاد سبحانی کا۷۵ برس کی عمر میں گورکھ پور میں انتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم کااصل نام عبدالقادر اوروطن سکندر پور ضلع بَلیاتھا۔ادھر ایک مدت سے گمنامی کی زندگی بسر کررہے تھے۔ورنہ تحریکِ خلافت کے زمانہ میں پورے ہندوستان میں ان کی شہرت کاطوطی بولتا تھا۔فلسفہ والٰہیات کے فاضل تھے۔ خطابت وتقریرمیں بعض حیثیتوں سے اپنا جواب نہیں رکھتے تھے۔ شاعر بھی تھے۔مرحوم کی ایک غزل بچپن میں کبھی پڑھی تھی جواب تک یاد ہے:
پیام آیا ہے پیمانِ جفا کا
یجہ کھل گیا جوشِ وفا کا
نِکل آؤ ذرا پردہ سے باہر
عقیدہ مٹ رہا ہے اب خدا کا
مزاجِ لااُبالی اور جوانی
خدا حافظ ہے ناموسِ حیا کا
خدا پر چھوڑ دو انجامِ کشتی
قدم کیوں درمیاں ہو ناخدا کا
حدیثِ ضبط پروانہ ہے بے وقت
زمانہ ہے فغانِ برمَلا کا
ترا آزادؔ پھر پابندِ غم ہے
ہ پھر محتاج ہے لطف و عطا کا
لیکن افسوس ہے اپنی صلاحیتوں اورکمالات سے اسلام اور مسلمانوں کو جو فائدہ پہنچا سکتے تھے اپنی طبیعت کے عدم استقلال اور تلون کی وجہ سے نہ پہنچا سکے۔ بحیثیت مجموعی بڑی خوبیوں کے انسان تھے۔الّٰلھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ ۔
[اگست ۱۹۵۷ء]
Since the inception of the ancient era, it has been the utmost trial of scholars related to every field of knowledge that they could save the knowledge of various fields. For meeting the purpose of saving, different tasks had been done in different periods, but, the most appreciating one is the preparation of an encyclopedia. In every era, different encyclopedias of different arts have been designed. Although the processes in Islamic studies remained to continue and various encyclopedias in the Islamic studies were prepared in which the encyclopedia of hadith is the most popular. Therefore, the compilation of hadith has begun from the 3rd Islamic century and a large number of muhadiseen have rendered their best services in this field and represented Hadith and books related to all arts, but, along with that a very important task was to assemble all books of Hadith at one place so that no one may get in trouble to find the Hadith, but it was a hard nut to crack that is why Allah has chosen such scholars who have compiled all the Hadith with their untiring efforts out of them the topmost in the list are: Jama-al-Joma, Kanzal-al-Amal, Almusand-al-Jamia, Mosoaa, Jamiat-ul-ahadees-al-zaeefa wal-mozooat, and almudavina-tul-Jamia are included.
A Numerical Study of Flow Past Bluff Bodies in Tandem and Side-By-Side Arrangements Using the Lattice Boltzmann Methods Flow around bluff bodies is an area of interest for scientist from several years. A flow over bluff bodies is commonly seen in engineering, for example, wind over a group of tall buildings and fluid flow over heat exchanger tube arrays. A flow past bluff bodies in tandem and side-by-side arrangements are investigated numerically using lattice Boltzmann methods in this thesis. The numerical methods are validated for flow past a single square cylinder, and the numerical results show a good agreement with the available reference data. In the first problem of this thesis a numerical simulation is carried out for flow past a square cylinder with a detached flat plate using the lattice Boltzmann method for gap spacing (g) ranging from 0 to 11 and Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 75 to 200. Numerical results reveal that as gap spacing increases, there exist a critical gap spacing at g = 2 - 2.25, where the mean drag coefficient, Strouhal number, root-mean-square values of the drag and lift coefficients reach either maxima or minima. The shed vortices behind the detached flat plate and flow regimes are affected by gap spacing and Reynolds number. The observed results further indicates that the critical gap spacing and flow regimes are strongly dependent on g and Re. Flow control aims to reduce the wake dynamics and the fluctuating force. Second problem focuses on the effect of equal and unequal gap spacing and Reynolds number ranging from 75 to 175 on flow characteristics by identifying wake patterns, force statistics as well as wake oscillation frequencies. Different kinds of wake patterns are observed for the flow past three side-by-side square cylinders for equal and unequal gap spacing. It is found that the characteristics of the flow significantly depend on both the Reynolds number and gap spacing and the latter is much stronger than the former. In the third problem of this thesis, lattice Boltzmann simulations are carried out for flow past a row of rectangular cylinders at aspect ratios (AR) 0.5 and 2 for different gap spacings at Re = 150. The numerical results reveal that wake patterns are strongly dependent on g and Re. There exist secondary cylinder interaction frequencies along with primary vortex shedding frequency due to jet flow between the gaps. More interesting variation in fluid forces are observed for the case of AR = 2, as vortices generated on the surface of cylinder because the width of the cylinder is 2d. This study shows that lattice Boltzmann method is a good tool to capture the important features of flow past bluff bodies and suppression of fluid forces.