Moral Reforms in a Community: Modus Operandi in the Light of Sīrah

It’s always the people who define the status of a society. If the people of a society are civilized, the society will be called an ideal society. Moral reforms and behavioural therapy of individuals of the society are basic factors to establish an ideal society. Such an ideal society was established by Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) in Madina where he laid the foundations of brotherhood and equality among citizens of that state. He showed tolerance towards people belonging to different religions by protecting all their human rights and by providing indiscriminate and quick justice. He not only made the social institutions strong but also developed a history of human civilization. We simply need to work on our moral values and behaviours. We should study the daily life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) and mould our lives according to that. Dire need of the modern world is the rectification of human behavior in the light of the ideal life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H). It will give an opportunity to breathe the same spirit into the contemporary social attitudes so that our society may become peaceful.

Physiological Strategies to Improve Stand Establishment and Yield of Spring Maize under Early and Late Sown Conditions

Although the yield potential of spring maize is much higher than autumn maize, high temperature at reproductive stage is one of the main problems in spring especially in late sown conditions. Early sowing of the crop seems an ideal solution to escape the crop from heat spell but low temperature causes poor emergence and seedling establishment. Under these temperature extremes, osmotic and oxidative stresses are major reasons of crop damage. Exogenous application of various physiological strategies like antioxidants, osmoprotectants and plant hormones may lessen the damage. Initially in first two experiments, three levels of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide (0, 20 and 40 mg L-1) were optimized as seed priming or foliar application strategies under net house condition using single maize hybrid (Hi Swan-9697). The optimization was done on the basis of emergence and seedling vigor in priming experiment, 20 mg L-1 was selected as an optimized level all these compounds as an effective priming strategy. Seed primed with AsA, SA and H2O2 resulted in faster emergence, better, more and uniform stands. Seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 improved seedling vigor by increasing leaf Chl, nutrient content and better defense system with stimulating activities of SOD, CAT and POD in seedling. Foliar application of AsA, SA and H2O2 improved seedling vigor by increasing chlorophyll, nutrient contents and improving antioxidant defense system. Both levels of solutions of foliarly applied AsA, SA and H2O2 are equally effective for improving seedling vigor so the lower level of (20 mg L-1) was selected. The field experiment was conducted to explore the role of AsA, SA and H2O2 as seed priming agent and foliar application at three sowing dates i.e early (1st February), optimum (22nd February) and late (15th March). Different priming treatment enhanced rapid emergence but both priming and foliar application strategies caused earlier tasselling, silking and physiological maturity at each sowing dates. Improving antioxidants and nutrient homeostasis enhanced chlorophyll which improved growth and development under early and late stress conditions. It is suggested that all physiological strategies increased grain yield associated with improvement in number of grain and size of grain at each sowing dates by improved antioxidants defense system and nutrient homeostasis which reduce oxidative damages and improving stress tolerance under late sown condition of spring maize.