ارضِ اقبال آفاقیت کے آئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمداسد کے مختلف تحقیقی و تنقیدی نوعیت کے مضامین پر مشتمل کتاب ہے۔بیشتر مضامین مختلف تحقیقی و تنقیدی رسائل کی زینت بن چکے ہیں۔ اُنھوں نے جن جن شخصیات پر قلم اٹھایا ہے،ان کے بارے میں معلومات کا ایک ذخیرہ جمع کر دیا ہے۔جہاں جہاں ضرورت محسوس کی ہے اپنی ناقدانہ رائے کا اظہار بھی بڑی خوب صورتی سے کیا ہے۔
مَیں نے ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسدکے مزاج میں ایک خاص بات محسوس کی ہے کہ وہ اپنے کام سے نہایت مخلص ہیں اور اپنی دُھن میں علمی خدمات میں ہمہ وقت مصروف نظر آتے ہیں۔ان کے اسلوب کی سادگی اور روانی بات کو بوجھل نہیں ہونے دیتی۔ ان مضامین کے مطالعہ سے قاری نہ صرف مختلف شخصیات سے متعارف ہوتا ہے بلکہ ان کی علمی خدمات سے بھی ایک حد تک مستفید ہوتا ہے۔
’’مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی‘‘ اور’’مولوی ابراہیم میر سیالکوٹی‘‘ والے مضامین میں مذکورہ شخصیات سے متعلق عمدہ معلومات جمع کی گئی ہیں۔ان شخصیات کے تعارف کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی علمی خدمات پر بھی روشنی ڈالی گئی ہے۔اسی طرح ’’سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقا‘‘ اور’’ریاض حسین چودھری ایک نعت گو شاعر‘‘ میں ناقدانہ انداز نظر سے کام لیا گیا ہے۔دیگر مضامین بھی اپنی نوعیت کے خوب صورت مضامین ہیں۔الغرض مذکورہ کتاب ان کی تحقیقی و تنقیدی بصیرت کی آئینہ دار ہے۔
ڈاکٹر محمد افضل صفی
صدر شعبہ اردو گورنمنٹ گریجوایٹ کالج ،کروڑ لعل عیسن، ضلع لیہ
Allah Almighty has completed this world by the creation of human being. He Almighty has made the men superior than the other creation of all the world .By his creation Allah Almighty has designated some responsibilities to him as well. If He will fulfil these responsibilities and do right deed, Allah almighty will pleased by him and he will deserve the Heaven and if he will not fulfil his responsibilities which were designated by Allah almighty and will misconduct, then due to misconducting of his deeds he will go to Hell. By this article, I tried to describe the meaning of man and point out the process and stages of creation of human, his responsibilities and some hidden but bitter facts about human life. When a person accept and understand these facts, his life will be easy. In this research paper descriptive method of research has been adopted by researcher
WTO (World Trade Organization) that replaced GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), claims speedy growth and reduction of poverty through greater trade expansion. This study evaluates the existence and impact of relationship between trade liberalization, economic growth and poverty in the context of selected South Asian countries namely Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives. Time series and cross sectional data is pooled and divided into two sub periods as pre liberalization (1960-1980) and post liberalization period (1981-2011) to compare the relationship of trade with growth and poverty between the two periods. GLS technique is used with countries’ Fixed and Random Effect Models. Variables are trade openness, average income growth, poverty, income inequality, unemployment, infrastructure development (transport and communication sector development) government consumption, investment, life expectancy at birth, literacy ratio, secondary school enrolment ratio, skilled labor, inflation rate, and population growth. First, trade openness along with other variables is estimated to see its impact over growth and then trade openness and growth along with other variables are estimated to see their impact over poverty of the South Asian region during both periods. Results show in the pre liberalization period an insignificant positive relationship of trade openness with average income growth and significantly negative relationship with poverty. During post liberalization period this impact is significant and positive over growth and poverty in South Asian region. The relationship is weak in both cases. Per capita income growth shows a strong, positive and significant impact over poverty. Gini (income inequality) is negatively related with average income growth and positively with poverty. Unemployment reduces growth of income (mostly significantly) but an ambiguous relationship with poverty. Government consumption and investment show strong, positive and significant impact over growth and a positive impact over poverty of the region. Infrastructure development raises growth weakly and lowers poverty strongly, Inflation lowers economic growth and raises poverty, population growth shows a strong, negative impact on economic growth that enhances poverty. These all results are significant. Life expectancy at birth, literacy ratio, secondary school enrolment ratio and skilled labor also show a positive and significant association with average income growth and significantly strong and negative relationship with poverty. The overall results of South Asian countries suggest that liberalization policies can play an effective role if they are made sufficiently pro-poor and pro-growth. For this purpose complementary policies are needed to strengthen the institutional capabilities and improve the poverty situation in South Asian region.