ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کی تحقیقی و تنقیدی کتاب " ادبی ستارے پر ایک اجمالی نظر ۔۔
وجیہہ ضمیر
تحقیق ایک دقیق کام ہے ۔جس میں ہم پر وہ آشکار ہوتا ہے جو ہم سے مخفی ہوتا ہے یا کسی چیز کی اصل تک پہنچنا یا پھر اس اصل کے قریب قریب تحقیق پہنچا دیتی ہے ۔ قرآن پاک کہتا ہے کہ مفہوم ہے کہ جب فاسق تم تک کوئی خبر لائے تو اس کی خوب تحقیق کر لیا کرو " یعنی غور و فکر کرنا اسلام میں پسند کیا گیا ہے
اگر ایک کام پر تحقیق کی جائے تو ضروری نہیں اس تحقیق سے اخذ شدہ نتائج حتمی ہوں بلکہ ایک موضوع پر ہر پہلو سے الگ مطالب و مفاہیم ہم تک پہنچ سکتے ہیں بلکہ پہلے کی گئی تحقیق سے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں
نت نئے ادبی گوشوں کو متعارف کروانا بعض لوگوں کا جنون ہوتا ہے اور یہ ہی ادب میں کسی کام کرنے کا محرک بھی ہوتا ہے ورنہ ادب میں تو جمود طاری ہو جائے ، ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کسی تعارف کے محتاج نہیں آپ تحقیق کے معاملے میں ادبی قارئین کے سامنے کوئی نا کوئی پوشیدہ پہلو ڈھونڈ نکالتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے مختلف محققین اور ادب کے قارئین کے لیے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں ابھی حالیہ ان کا ادبی کارنامہ " ضیا بار افراد کےخطوط " بنام اصغرعلی (علی گڑھ) پر تربیت پایا ہے اور کیا ہی شاندار کھوج نکالا ہے ۔ یہ انسان کی مسلسل اور انتھک کوشش کا نتیجہ ہوتی ہے ۔ وہ شخصیت سازی کو ایک کوزے میں بند کرنا بخوبی جانتے ہیں وہ جانتے ہیں کہ ایک ذندہ شخصیت کو کس تناظر میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے ورنہ بڑے بڑے...
Introduction: Adaptive expertise is the ability of individuals to create innovative solutions when they come across novel problems or workplace challenges. Clinicians are often adept at handling routine clinical procedures but lack confidence and a proper strategy when previously un-encountered situations arise. Lots of research has been conducted on basic concepts and development of adaptive expertise however major chunk of literature belongs to non- medical fields. Little is studied about assessment of adaptive expertise in medical professionals and postgraduate residents. Objective: To measure adaptive expertise (AE) of radiology residents and to assess any association between the AE of postgraduate radiology residents (PGR) and their years of training. Methods: This multicenter correlational study involved 181 radiology residents from nine major teaching hospital of Lahore, Pakistan from May to October 2019. Katerina Bohle Carbonell Adaptive Expertise Inventory was used as a data collection tool. The questionnaire contained a total of eleven items encompassing two dimensions of AE: domain-specific and innovative skills. Total scores representing AE of PGRs were measured. AE scores and years of training were correlated using Spearman rho correlation. One-way ANOVA was conducted to further evaluate the association between AE and years of postgraduate training. Results: Out of 181 residents there were 78 (43.1%) males and 103 (56.9%) females. Most of them, 97 (53.6%) were enrolled in four years fellowship (FCPS) program and 62 (34.3%) were in the first year of their residency. Total AE scores of all radiology residents ranged from 33 to 54. AE scores and years of residency were positively correlated (rs= 0.4, p < 0.01). One-way ANOVA and Post hoc comparisons using Tukey HSD test further revealed significant pairwise differences between mean scores of residents’ groups (p = < 0.05) rejecting the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Overall, this study concludes that residents acquire adaptive expertise perpetually with progression in their training. KEYWORDS: Adaptive Expertise (AE), Radiology, Postgraduate Residents (PGRs)
In this thesis we study the parametric decay instability problem (three wave interactions) in classical andquantummagneto‐plasmas.Twocombinationsofthethreewaveinteractionshavebeen investigated.First,theparametricdecayinstabilityofupperhybridwaveintolow‐frequency electromagnetic shear Alfven wave and Ordinary mode radiation has been solved in an electron‐ion plasma immersed in uniform external magnetic field. Incorporating quantum effect due to electron spin, the fluid model has been used to investigate the linear and nonlinear response of the plasma species. It is shown that the spin of electrons has considerable effect on the three‐wave coupling interactions even in classical regime. Secondly,theelectronspin‐1/2effectsontheparametricdecayinstabilityofobliqueLangmuir waveintolow‐frequencyelectromagneticshearAlfvenwaveandleft‐handedcircularlypolarized wave(LHCP)hasbeeninvestigatedinanelectron‐ionquantumplasmaimmersedinuniform external magnetic field. Incorporating the quantum effects due to electron spin, Fermi pressure and Bohmpotentialterm,thequantummagneto‐hydrodynamic(QMHD)modelhasbeenusedto investigatethelinearandnonlinearresponseoftheplasmaspeciesforthree‐wavecoupling interactionina quantummagneto‐plasmas.Nonlineardispersionrelationsandgrowthrateshave been derived analytically. It has been shown that the spin of electrons has considerable effect on the growth rate of parametric instability problem even when the external magnetic field B0 is below the quantum critical magnetic field strength BQ = 4.4138 ×1013 G. Finally,theparametricdecayinstabilityofobliqueLangmuirwaveintolow‐frequency electromagnetic shear Alfven wave and LHCP have also been investigated in high density (quantum) and low density (classical) magneto‐plasma environments. QMHD model has been used to find the linear and non‐linear response of the high density quantum magneto‐plasma, and to compare the (h → 0, Pe → Pte ) results with the low density classical plasma we have used classical limit in the results of QMHD model. Nonlinear dispersion relations and growth rates of the problem have been derived analytically. The growth rate both for quantum and classical magneto‐plasma environments has been plotted. The normalized growth rate as a function of number density in the high density degeneratemagneto‐plasmasincreasesexponentiallywhileinthelowdensityclassicalmagneto‐ plasmas it increases logarithmically.