DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG PEOPLE HAVING COVID-19 UNDERGONE QUARANTINE

Aims Of Study: Coronavirus is a potentially deadly disease that mostly affects human lung tissue. Multiple cases of unexplained respiratory tract infections were reported to the World Health Organization China in December 2019. The focus of this research was to assess association between depression and PWB in patients who had been isolated due to covid-19. Methodology: A sample of 250 people with covid-19 post quarantine, with age ranges from 25 to 45 were selected by using purposive sampling methods. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and psychological well-being scales were administered. Regression analysis and t-test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Obtained results evidenced that depression is significantly predict psychological health in the covid-19 population [B= -.015, -.019, F (7.915) sig= .000]. Gender difference is also observed in variable of depression also [(4.78) =.030, p.000]. Limitations and future implications: Future research may base on longitudinal analyses focusing on familial and social factors that may influence the psychological well-being of people living in quarantine. Originality: I certify that the intellectual substance of this article is the result of my own effort and that all assistance and sources used in the preparation of this article have been acknowledged. Conclusion: It was concluded that Depression affects people with COVID-19 and PWB after quarantine. future research may focus more on the influence of the interaction between quarantine and adults’ mental health to fully comprehend the link. 

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3o4, Co3o4 and Their Application in Urea Biosensing

The present research work shows the fabrication of potentiometric urea Biosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles iron oxide (Fe3O4) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) through simple, economical and reproducible approach. Co-precipitation method has been adopted for synthesis of nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and Co3O4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-rays powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic characterization tools have been utilized to look through the morphology, compositional purity, crystallinity and emission characteristics of the fabricated magnetic nanoparticles. The study of magnetic measurement of Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles was carried out in order to confirm their ferromagnetic behaviour, which could be attributed to the uncompensated surface spins and/or finite size effects. The magnetic study depicts that the ferromagnetic order of the Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles is raised with increasing the decomposition temperature. Furthermore, in one set of experiment, the potentiometric urea biosensor was fabricated by drop casting the initially prepared isopropanol and chitosan solution, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles, on the glass fiber filter (2cm diameter). To extract the voltage signal from the functionalized nanoparticles, a copper wire (thickness ~500 μm) has been utilized. The functionalization of surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is obtained by the electrostatically immobilization of urease onto the nanobiocomposite of the Fe3O4-chitosan (CH). Urea biosensor with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, stability and reusability was fabricated. Electrochemical detection procedure has been adopted to measure the potentiometric response over the wide logarithmic concentration range of the 0.1 to 80 mM. Urea biosensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles depicts good sensitivity with 42 mV per decade at room temperature. In other set of experiment, a potentiometric urea biosensor has been fabricated through the immobilization of urease enzyme onto Co3O4-CH hybrid nanobiocomposite on glass filter paper and a copper wire (500μm diameter) has been attached with nanoparticles to extract the voltage output signal. The shape, size and dimensions of the Co3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diameter of nanoparticles lies in the range between Abstract 2 80-100 nm. The structural quality of the Co3O4 nanoparticles is confirmed from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements while the Raman spectroscopy has been used to understand the chemical bonding between the different atoms. A physical absorption method has been adopted to immobilize the enzyme on to the surface of Co3O4-CH hybrid nanobiocomposite. The potentiometric sensitivity curve measured over the large concentration range 0.1 - 80 mM of urea electrolyte and it revealed that the fabricated biosensor holds good linear sensing ability with a slope curve of the 45mV / decade. Besides magnetic nanoparticles, non magnetic nanoparticles silver (Ag) was also exploited for the fabrication of urea biosensor. Magnetic nanoparticles of Co3O4 showed better sensitivity response of 45mV per decade in comparison to that of Fe3O4 and Ag nanoparticles sensitivity response of 42 mV per decade. Presented biosensors depict good reusability, selectivity, reproducibility; resistance against interferers along with the nice stable output response of ~12 seconds. Moreover, proposed biosensor was used for determination of urea concentration in urine and blood samples of healthy and sick people. Comparing the results with laboratory data indicates that results were consistent with the laboratory data. Keywords: Cobalt oxide (Co3O4), iron oxide (Fe3O4), magnetic nanoparticles, potentiometry, urea biosensor, chitosan, magnetic studies.