اک عمر جو گزاری تو ہم کو پتہ چلا
لازم نہیں ہے کوئی بھی جینے کے واسطے
Constructivism is the basis for thinking of a contextual approach, namely that knowledge is built not a set of facts, concepts, or rules that are ready to be remembered. Students must construct that knowledge and give meaning through real experience. Students need to be accustomed to solving problems, finding something useful for themselves, and struggling with ideas. The teacher will not be able to give all knowledge to students. Students must construct knowledge in their own minds. Knowledge is not static, but is constantly evolving and changing as students construct new experiences that force them to base themselves and modify previous knowledge. Learning must be packaged into the process of constructing knowledge rather than receiving knowledge. In the learning process, students build their own knowledge through active involvement in the learning and teaching process. Students become the center of activities, not teachers. Critical thinking is an attempt by someone to check the truth of information using the availability of evidence, logic, and awareness of bias. Critical thinking skills are the cognitive processes of students in analyzing systematically and specifically the problems faced, distinguishing these problems carefully and thoroughly, as well as identifying and reviewing information to plan problem solving strategies.
With the advent of technology and its integration into the users lives as an integral part of it, the questions have shifted from `acceptance or rejection' to how `useful or not technology might be. From its first appearance more than a century back (Villar 2013) we can clearly deduce that many methods used in the field of usability have their roots back in the earlier fields of ergonomics, human factors, architecture and even psychology. Some of these fields have roots thatgo back to the beginning of life when the ancients adopted methods that would make their lives easier overtime. Unintentionally usability has become that one field which adopts concept from an extremely varied group of disciplines. (Flowers 2014, Percy 2008, Villar 2013) The main aim of this research is to provide an up-to-date, well-researched resource of past and current references to highlight the literature that shows how usability has altered designs, lifestyles and in the end businesses. This survey paper presents a comprehensive concept-centric review of usability from when its concept was initiated and where it might be going in the future. According to the research over 70 publications have been selected and classified into various categories such as (i) understanding user, (ii) aesthetics, (iii) design and (iv) context and how all these four elements help define usability in terms of profitability. Despite the research and efforts in this particular field there are still many areas of potential research and application that haven't been explored and provide a vast scope for study. (Ardito et al. 2009, Kim, Lin, and Sung 2013)