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Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Fayyaz Shaikh

Department

Pakistan Study Centre

Program

MA

Institute

University of Peshawar

Institute Type

Public

City

Peshawar

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

1992

Degree End Year

1994

Subject

Pak Studies

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710889740

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جنرل محمد ضیاء الحق[صدرِ پاکستان]

جنرل محمد ضیاء الحق
اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان کے صدر جنرل محمد ضیاء الحق اوران کے ہمراہ کئی اعلیٰ فوجی آفیسر ۱۷/اگست کوبہاول پور کے قریب ایک فضائی حادثے کاشکار ہوکر جاں بحق ہوگئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
پرواز کے چند لمحے کے بعد ہی طیارہ میں زبردست دھماکہ ہوا اورمرحوم کا صدارتی طیارہ آناًفاناً ٹوٹ کربکھرگیا۔طیارہ کے تمام مسافر،امریکی سفیر مسٹر آرنلڈ رافل،پاکستان کے فوج کے سربراہ جناب جنرل محمد ضیاء،پاکستان کے دولیفٹنٹ جنرل،تین میجر جنرل،پانچ بریگیڈ،ایک کرنل،ایک اسکواڈرن سمیت ۱۳۷ افراد لقمۂ اجل بن گئے۔
حادثہ کی وجوہات کیاہیں؟اعلیٰ پیمانے پرتحقیقات جاری ہیں اوراس سلسلے میں امریکہ نے پاکستان کے ساتھ ہرممکن تعاون اور سی۔آئی۔اے کے ذریعہ تحقیقات میں مدد دینے کی پیش کش کی ہے۔
اس بھیانک حادثہ اوربین الاقوامی سازش کے جو بھی ذمہ دار ہوں حقیقت یہ ہے کہ صدر ضیاء الحق اب اس دنیا میں نہیں رہے۔
صدر ضیاء الحق مرحوم۱۲/اگست۱۹۲۳ء میں پنجاب کے مشہور شہر جالندھر میں ایک متوسط گھرانے میں پیداہوئے۔دہرہ دون کے دون اسکول میں ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد سینٹ اسٹیفن کالج دہلی میں داخلہ لیا جہاں قبلہ جناب پروفیسر مولانا سعید احمد اکبر آبادی مرحوم سابق مدیر ’’برہان‘‘سے بھی مرحوم صدر کواستفادہ کا موقع ملا اوراس میں کوئی شک نہیں کہ جنرل ضیاء، حضرت اکبرآبادی سے تمام زندگی بے حد متاثر رہے۔۱۹۴۶ء میں دہرہ دون کی رائل ملٹری اکیڈمی سے فراغت کے بعد فوج میں شامل ہوگئے۔۱۹۷۶ء تک وہ ایک جونئیر افسر تھے جنرل ٹکاخاں کے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد مسٹر بھٹو نے ان کوجنرل بنادیا۔۱۹۷۷ء میں جنرل ضیاء بھٹو کاتختہ الٹ کر خوداقتدار پر قابض ہوگئے۔۱۹۷۷ء میں اقتدار سنبھالنے کے بعد چیف ایڈمنسٹریٹر کی حیثیت سے کام کرتے رہے۔ستمبر۱۹۷۸ء میں مرحوم باضابطہ پاکستان کے صدربن گئے۔۱۹۸۴ء میں مرحوم نے ریفرنڈم کرایا جس کا نتیجہ ان کے حق میں نکلا، اس کے بعد انھوں نے پھر ملک کے...

تعلیمات اسلام قیام امن کی اساس سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

This article highlights the Islamic and the prophetic teachings regarding the promotion of peace. The human progress is directly associated with peace. The so-called peacemakers of the world have failed in their insincere and incompetent quest for peacekeeping, rather, they they have contributed to deteriorate peace furhter. Islām and its prophet (ﷺ) present the impeccable and practical methods and methodology to establish and maintain peace in society. We find that in all his roles and status, the prophet (ﷺ) of Islām is a symbol and model of peace. The very words of Islām and Muslim are the titles, enogh to indicate the approach of Islām towards peace. The author of this paper draws the attention of the readers that in its beliefs, ethical teachigs, laws, and rituals of worship, the sole aim of the Islām is to enhance and promote peace at the individual, as well as, the collective level. The scope of peace in Islām is not confined to the Muslims only, it includes the nonMuslim, too. Further, it encompasses animals and vegetation in its fold of peace. This is what the world needs to focus on and admit; and the media needs to highlight and promote, so that, the real image of Islām may come to fore and the false propaganda against it die away.

Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Studies of Terphenyls, Quinoline & Pyridine Derivatives Through Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions

This dissertation is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is general overview which introduces transition metals catalyzed cross coupling reactions especially Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These have recently emerged as one of the most powerful and fundamental transformations in organic syntheses. Among the several palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, Suzuki-Miyura cross-coupling reaction has become an extremely important method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. The second chapter describes the synthesis of fluorinated terphenyls synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 1, 4-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobenzene with different boronic acids. Fluorinated terphenyls were obtained in high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Mono-arylation was also observed in a compound 4, 4’-dibromo-2, 5-difluorobiphenylby using 1 equivalent of arylboronic acid. The third chapter describes the syntheses of 3-arylated quinolines synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 3-bromoquinoline with different boronic acids. Several trials were made to enhance yield of final products by using different catalytic systems. Extensively diversified arylated quinolines were synthesized in relatively high yields. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, FT-IR and single crystal X-Ray analysis. Synthesized arylated quinolines are not readily available by any other methodologies. The Fourth chapter describes the syntheses of 2, 5-diarylated pyridine synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling reaction of 2,5-dibromopyridine with different boronic acids. Diversified results were obtained as 4 different products 5, 6, 8 and 9 were obtained even after using 2.2 equivalents of different aryl boronic acids. Regioselectivity is also studied and well characterized with help of XRD analysis. Abstract x The fifth chapter describes the experimental procedures and characterization data of synthesized compounds. The sixth chapter describes the biological activities of the synthesized compounds. These compounds were subjected to various biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antinociceptive and urease inhibition activities. The overall biological activity screening demonstrated that majority of these compounds are significantly bioactive. The last chapter describes the solubilization of quinoline derivatives in micellar solutions of surfactants. In micellar solutions of surfactants the solubility of the quinoline derivatives increased linearly with the increase in surfactant concentration irrespective of the type of surfactant. The molar solubilization ratio (MSR), micelle-water partition coefficient (KM), and the Gibbs energy of solubilization (Δ???) of these compounds in the micelles were determined and correlated with each other. This comparative study can be used to select an appropriate medium for the quinoline derivatives solubilization.