تقریظ اول
حافظ محمد اکرم راشد کا تعلق ایک علمی گھرانے سے ہے اور اپنی وراثت کو جو علم کی صورت انھیں اپنے آبا ئواجداد سے ورثے میںملی ہے، تشنگانِ علم کو منتقل کرنے کے لیے ہمیشہ مستعد رہتے ہیں۔ موصوف عارف والا کی ایک مرکزی مسجد میں خطابت کے فرائض سر انجام دے رہے ہیں۔اِن کا تحریری کام مختلف جرائد میں گاہے بگاہے چھپتا رہتا ہے۔
زیرِ نظر کتاب’’ نسیم سخن‘‘جو تقاریر کا مجموعہ ہے یہ ایک عظیم کام ہے۔ آپ کی ایک اور کتاب قبل ازیں ’’نگارشاتِ راشد‘‘ کے نام سے زیورِ طباعت سے سے مزین ہو کر منظرِ عام پر آچکی ہے۔ آپ نے انتہائی محنت ،لگن اور خدمتِ خلق کے جذبے سے سرشار ہو کرنسیم سخن (جو تقریروں کا مجموعہ ہے) کو عوام الناس کے لیے باالعموم اور طلبا کے لیے بالخصوص مدون کیا۔ تقریباً تقریروں کا یہ مجموعہ فی البدیہہ تحریروں پر مشتمل ہے جو موصوف کی کی اس فن سے کما حقہ آگہی پر شاہدہے۔ ان میں سے اکثر تقریریں گزشتہ دور میں انعقاد پذیر ہونے والے سرکاری سطح کے مقابلہ جات میں پوزیشنیں حاصل کر چکی ہیں۔اللہ تعالیٰ ان کی اس کاوش کو قبول فرمائے۔
میاں اظہر طارق وٹو
اسسٹنٹ کمشنر، عارف والا
Laws of inheritance and succession exist since time immemorial in every human society. The estate of the deceased person is distributed amongst his/her legal heirs according to the laws of inheritance. Based on religions i.e. Islam and Hinduism-two different societies exist in the Indo-Pak sub-continent, having different frames of rules regarding socio-religious life. Coupled with a long history of closeness and co-existence, have deep religio-moral and socio-cultural diffusions and infusions with one another. The same impact permeates the laws of inheritance as well. This paper is an analysis of this permeation by focusing on the points of comparison and contrast in the light of the Holy Qur’ān, Sunn’ah and the sacred books of Hindūism.
Indo-Pak subcontinent is the world‘s largest cultivator of Brassica. It constitutes 33 % of the world‘s land, cultivated under rapeseed and mustard crops. Weeds ecology of Brassica crops i.e., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (Mustard), B. rapa L. and B. napus L. (Rapeseed) were explored for elaborating the weed species profile in districts of Abbottabad, Haripur and Mansehra. Weeds are the part of dynamic ecosystem growing in cultivated crop or ordinary environment. Its flora has not been evaluated quite often from its ecological point of view and phytosociological classification because of its deteriorating impacts on economic crops. Therefore, its flora in Brassica crop of the aforementioned districts was quantitatively analyzed under the impact of various environmental variables. Quadrate quantitative ecological techniques were used for sampling of weeds vegetation. Phytosociological attribute and physiognomic characteristics of each weed species were recorded at each quadrate.Physicochemical properties of soil were measured at each station and compared with quantitative and synthetic characteristics of weed communities. A total of 50 weed species (44 dicot & 6 monocot) were recorded from Brassica crops belonging to 20 different plant families. The topmost abundant weed of the Brassica crop was Euphorbia helioscopia, Galium aparine and Coronopsus didymus while, Lapsana communis, Scandix pecten veneris and Parthenim hysterophorus were the rare weed species with minimum importance values. Euphorbiaceae was the topmost dominant family followed by Poaceae and Brassicaceae in the studied area. All the collected weeds belong from therophytes life form category. Species belonging to Constancy Classes IV-V were Euphorbia helioscopia, Coronopus didymus and Fumaria officinalis appearing close to 50 % of the stands in Mustard and Rapeseed fields. While Anagallis arvensis, Avena sativa and Galium aparine present in less than 50% of the stands (Class: III - IV). Species revealed to Class I, were present either in Mustard or Rapeseed fields. It appears that the synthetic characters followthe pattern of Quantitative Characers upto certain extent. Result of soil characteristics revealed that the soil of Abbottabad and Mansehra districts were mostly silty clay loam different from Haripur and Havelian regions along with silt loam soil condition. Furthermore, soil of Abbottabad and Haripur has maximum amount of N-NO3, pH as compared to Mansehra. Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P) concentration were higher in soil of Mansehra and Haripur rather than Abbottabad Havelian regions.Regarding, Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) concentration which is higher in Haripur and Mansehra respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was higher in all three regions except Haripur.While, increased amount of nitrate concentration in soil is due to the abundantly presence of nitrogen fixation weeds in the fields. The aforementioned finding i.e., weeds of Brassica crops, their general profile and distribution in different farming systems of the area will provide a baseline for devising weed management strategies in the studied area. It will also open a new venue of research for Brassica crops improvement through the scientific ways of weed eradication