آہ! مولانا ابوسلمہؒ
(پروفیسر مسعود حسن)
۲۲؍ دسمبر کی دوپہر کو کلکتہ کے مسلمان ایک بڑے المناک سانحہ سے دوچار ہوئے، یہ سانحہ حضرت مولانا ابوسلمہ شفیع احمد صاحبؒ کی رحلت ہے، جو ۵-۴ ماہ کی طویل اور صبر آزما علالت کے بعد ۷۳ سال کی عمر میں اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، دوسرے دن صبح ۳۰:۱۲ بجے ان کے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں اور جان نثاروں نے ان کے جسدخاکی کو پارک سرکس سے متصل ایک قبرستان میں جس کا نام ہم ’گورغریباں‘ ہے، یہ کہہ کر سپردخاک کیا کہ:
اے تیرہ خاک خاطرِ مہماں نگاہ دار
کیں نورچشم ماست کہ دربر گرفتہ ای
نور اﷲ مرقدہٗ و برد اﷲ مضجعہ
مولانا مرحوم کے نام اور مقام سے مجھے بہت پہلے سے واقفیت تھی، البتہ باقاعدہ نیاز اور تقریب ۱۹۵۹ء میں حاصل ہوا، جب مجھے مدرسۂ عالیہ کلکتہ کی پرنسپلی تفویض ہوئی اور میں مدرسہ پہنچا، مولانا مدرسہ کے ممتاز ترین اساتذہ میں تھے، تفسیر اور حدیث ان کے خاص موضوع تھے اور ان دونوں فنون کی بیشتر متداول کتابوں پر ان کی گہری نظر تھی، وہ مدرسہ کی اونچی جماعتوں میں درس دیتے تھے اور بڑی عزت و احترام کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ میں مدرسہ میں کم و بیش ۵ سال رہا۔ اس پوری مدت میں میرے ان کے تعلقات مخلصانہ رہے اور جب میں وہاں سے رخصت ہوا تو اس کے بعد بھی ان کا اخلاص برابر جاری رہا۔ وہ اکثر میرے غریب خانہ پر تشریف لاتے، گھنٹوں بیٹھتے تھے۔ راقم الحروف بھی ان کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوتا تھا، ان ملاقاتوں میں اکثر علمی گفتگو ہوا کرتی تھی، کبھی کبھی حالات حاضرہ پر بھی تبصرہ ہوا کرتے تھے، مولانا ان مجلسوں میں علم و حکمت کے موتی بکھیر دیتے تھے۔
مولانا کو لکھنے پڑھنے اور تصنیف کا شوق...
Christianity in itself is a reformative offshoot of Judaism rather than a separate faith. The massage of Jesus Christ was directed at Jews and Jew formed the core of his early follower. In his early stage he was respected, honored and welcomed by his jew community. But as soon as he projected the universalism of Torah (Pentateuch) and declared Judaism as Inclusive religion the community fell in hostility toward him and led him to crucify. In his early theology he gave the message of love, respect and tolerance to the light of a candle in room. The New Testament and it satellite portions unveil his and of his early followers teachings and their theological trend and behavior towards other nations and faiths. In this article the above mentioned teachings and theological policy of Jesus Christ and Saint Paul, an immediate stream him of Christianity has been abstracted from New Testament. It may help today’s Christianity to revise it religious teachings toward Islam and blasphemous behavior other religions and hence minimize the political tensions throughout the world.
Air conditioning has become an integral part of buildings due to climate change and global warming. About 55% of the world electricity is being consumed by the building sector with around 20% share of cooling only. Currently, the air-conditioning demand is mostly fulfilled by the vapor compression systems based on CFCs and HFCs as refrigerants causing ozone layer depletion. Therefore, the evident solution is the renewable energy based eco-friendly airconditioning systems such as efficient evaporative cooling techniques, solar thermal energy driven desiccant cooling systems. However, desiccant air conditioning systems with conventional evaporative coolers are characterized by low COP and also have certain performance limitations in humid climates. Therefore, an integration of efficient systems and components is required to develop energy efficient configurations capable to separately handle sensible and latent loads. It would result in better system performance to achieve the desired comfort conditions in subtropical and humid climates. In the current work, two integrated solar assisted desiccant cooling system configurations; (1) solar desiccant integrated Maisotsenko cycle (SDI-MC), and (2) solar desiccant integrated vapor absorption system (SDI-VAS) are experimentally evaluated for selecting an efficient system configuration compared to conventional standalone desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system. Initially, an array of solar thermal source is evaluated by integrating flat plate collectors with evacuated tubes and parabolic trough collectors to overcome its heat losses. The main performance parameters include solar energy gain, efficiency, and solar fraction of the system. Secondly, a desiccant wheel that is a key component of the desiccant cooling system is theoretically and experimentally analysed to determine the effect of key operating parameters such as regeneration temperature, wheel rotational speed along with air inlet temperature and humidity. Afterwards, a cross flow Maisotsenko cycle (MC) indirect evaporative cooler is designed and developed for integration with the solid desiccant cooling system instead of direct evaporative cooler. For the system configurations analysis, SDI-MC configuration is developed first by integrating MC cooler on supply side of DAC. Similarly, SDI-VAS configuration is developed by integrating gas fired absorption system with DAC. Both configurations are experimentally evaluated under a wide range of operating conditions including air inlet temperature, air inlet humidity, and regeneration temperature. The performance evaluation parameters include thermal COP, dehumidification effectiveness, and cooling capacity. After comparison it was determined that SDI-MC system resulted in better performance than other configurations. Therefore, the SDI-MC configuration is further analysed under actual transient subtropical climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. The analysis consists of solar fraction, auxiliary energy share, efficiency of solar source, thermal COP, and cooling capacity for selected days of three different months i.e. May, June, and July. Subsequently, an office building model is developed in TRNBuild to generate hourly dynamic air-conditioning loads. Then simulation models of the SDI-MC and traditional DAC are developed in TRNSYS and validated with experimental data. The building model is incorporated in the simulation models of SDI-MC, and DAC. Finally, the overall SDI-MC model is optimized by coupling TRNSYS with GenOpt. The simulation based optimization is performed by considering COP, and solar energy gain of the system as cost functions using Hook Jeeves algorithm. Afterwards, the optimized SDI-MC model is subjected to seasonal transient energy analysis in subtropical climate condition of Taxila Pakistan. Finally, the life cycle cost analysis (LCC) is performed. The experimental results revealed that both SDI-MC and SDI-VAS can provide comfort conditions even at low regeneration temperature of 70°C. However, SDI-MC results in higher thermal COP ranging from 0.45 to 0.81. Similarly, the efficiency of solar thermal source ranges from 25% to 70% for hybrid array with evacuated tube collector and 20% to 60% for hybrid array with parabolic trough collector. Similarly, transient seasonal results revealed that monthly average thermal COP of the SDI-MC ranges from 0.57 to 1. Whereas, the COP of the traditional system ranges from 0.37 to 0.71. Therefore, efficiency enhancement of the SDI-MC is 43% to 47%