جالب میں اور کوٹ لکھپت جیل
ڈاکٹر اسرار شاہ
لاہور میں دوست جالب میلے کا انعقاد کر رہے ہیں اور میں کاغذ اور قلم پکڑے اپنے ماضی میں کھو گیا دوستوں نے اصرار کیا کہ اسرار شاہ لکھو۔
میری دعا ہے کہ کوئی نیا ضیاء الحق پیدا نہ ہو اور مجھے عمرِ رفتہ میں لے جائے میںکالج سے نکلوں تو ایسی یونیورسٹی میں داخل ہو جائوں جہاں ڈاکٹر مبشر حسین ،میاں محمود علی قصوری رائو رشید،رضا کاظم ایڈووکیٹ چوہدری اعتزاز حسین ،جسٹس سعید حسن ،آئی اے رحمن ،پروفیسر امین مغل،چوہدری اصغر خادم ،رشید قریشی ،شعیب ہاشمی ،حمید اختر ،محمد علی ایکٹر اور حبیب جالبؔجیسے پروفیسر اور اساتذہ نظر بند ہوں نئی نسل نا واقف ہے کہ یہ تمام لوگ اپنی ذات میں ایک ادارہ تھے اور ان میں کچھ آج بھی حیات ہیں ۔
کوٹ لکھپت جیل بھی کیا جیل تھی ،جیل کے سپرنٹنڈنٹ نے جیل کی دیوار کے ساتھ شام کو واک کر نے کی اجازت دی ڈاکٹر مبشر صاحب جیل میں ’’ماں ‘‘کا کردارادا کر رہے تھے وہ جیل سے راشن لیتے اس کو پکواتے تمام لوگ چٹانوں پر بیٹھتے اور سب میں برابر تقسیم کرتے ۔صبح دس بجے سے لے کر دوپہرکے کھانے تک عبدا ﷲملک صاحب کے کمرے میں سٹڈی سرکل ہو تا اور آئی اے رحمن صاحب لیکچر دیتے اور تمام سر نگوں ہوتے ۔
حاجی رشید انور جن کا تعلق مزدور کسان پارٹی سے تھا کیا خوبصورت انسان تھے عمر کے اعتبار سے وہ میرے والد کی طرح تھے جسم میں سی آئی اے چونا منڈی کے تششدد کی دردیں موجود تھیں وہ صبح میرے جسم کو دباتے اور بچوں کی طرح پکارتے ہوئے اٹھاتے کہ ’’اسرار شاہ ‘‘اٹھ جائو سورج نکل آ یا...
Islam is the full code of life that not only provides guidance to its followers but also is a source of growth for each and every one who has soul. Islam emphasizes on formation of an exemplary society. Basic unit of each society is dependent upon the family system. If family system is inspired with good and healthy values, then the resulting society will certainly be brightened with brilliance of the righteous values. Family and affiliation with family is a natural need for humanity. Since Islam is the nature, therefore it provides us full guidance about the family system and its importance in our whole life. Islam emphasizes on family strengthening and stability. The importance of family relationships and relations with the relatives has also been mentioned in the holy Qur’an. Family is referred as “Usrah” in Arabic, which means being bound or connected. Strongest castle is also known as “Usrah” in Arabic, where members within a family remain united and connected together with strong bonding among them. Keeping in view the needs of a family, Islam has described the fundamental principles related to family system in a very narrative way. Moreover, mutual responsibilities towards each other and other rights have also been mentioned explicitly. Even Islam has emphasized on showing generous compassion, sympathy and providing legal rights to one another. While some of the issues have been left mainstream which people within a society consider good and don’t even contradict the principles of Islam. One such issue is the family system. What should be the nature of family? Is it all in living within one family or in a separate family system? There are two types of family systems in Sharia; Joint and separate family systems. The conditions and circumstances which better suit in an environment with good effects on family as well as society should better be adapted. But it should be kept in mind that the western concept of separate family (wife, children and one’s own-self) being presented today is not an Islamic concept. For explaining these aspects, the present article will focus on “what is the basic concept and Impacts of joint and separate family systems in Islam? And what are the impacts of these family systems on the society (economic, social and psychological)
Atmospherically-derived natural (7Be, 210 Pb) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radioactive isotopes in air, rain water and soil have been used to explore and understand the transport processes of aerosols in the atmosphere and their subsequent removal from the atmosphere through wet deposition to natural surfaces on the earth. A systematic set of experiments were performed for the measurement of 210 Pb and 7Be concentrations in the surface level air samples. The samples were collected on glass fibre filters by using a portable air sampler at the Department of Physics, CIIT, Islamabad over an 18 months period (July 2007 to January 2009) and measured by employing the non-destructive technique of γ-ray spectroscopy through N-type HPGe spectrometer. The annual average surface air concentrations of 210 Pb and 7Be isotopes were determined to be 0.284±0.15 and 3.171±1.14 mBq m-3, respectively. The largest and smallest concentrations of 210 Pb were observed in air masses approaching to the sampling point from the low lands with no forests and forested high lands, respectively, showing its source region and interception of aerosols by foliar surfaces. Concentrations of 7Be were found higher during spring season, consistent with its stratospheric source region. Lower concentrations of both radionuclides were observed during periods of high rainfalls, indicating that rain is a dominant removal agent of aerosols from the atmosphere. The activity and deposition rates of 210 Pb and 7Be isotopes were determined in the open rain water and throughfall samples, collected from Murree, using γ-ray spectroscopy on HPGe detector. Mean values of concentrations (annual deposition fluxes) of 210 Pb- and 7Be-bearing aerosols, respectively, in open rain and throughfall samples were found as: -1 -2 -1 7 -1 -2 210 -1 mBq.l (21.1 Bq m y ), Be: 572.9±201.4 mBq l (415.6 Bq m y ) and Pb: 29.7±11.0 210 Pb: 16.7±6.3 mBq.l-1 (9.8 Bq m-2 y-1), Be: 441.74±321.04 mBq l-1 (294.56 Bq m-2 y-1). Concentrations and deposition fluxes for both isotopes in open rain samples were found comparatively higher than that of throughfall samples. Reduction of these quantities in throughfall samples is the manifestation of the fact that rough surfaces of plantation leaves are effectively intercepting radionuclides-bearing aerosols from the atmosphere. Seasonal trend in the concentrations of both radionuclides, similar to air measurements, was observed with the lowest concentration of 210 Pb in summer season (consistent with soil as its origin and effectively washed out with rain during the monsoon period in South Asia) and the highest concentration of 7Be in spring season (consistent with stratospheric origin). A positive correlation between 210 Pb and 7Be deposition was seen, indicating that these two isotopes can not be used as independent atmospheric tracers. To see the effect of altitude, open rain samples only were also collected from Islamabad during the period from September 2009 to October 2010. The annual mean flux values of 210 Pb and 7Be here in the open lawn rain samples were found to be 1137 Bq m-2 y-1 and 3801 Bq m-2 y-1 respectively. The comparison of results from both sites showed higher 210 Pb and 7Be values for Islamabad and Murree respectively. Activity concentrations and inventories of atmospherically deposited 210 Pb and 137 Cs radionuclides in undisturbed woodland and adjacent open grassland soils were determined in Islamabad and Murree regions. Based on our results, these values for the 210 Pb isotope were found comparatively higher in samples collected under woodland soils than the soil samples of open land, while, that of 137 Cs are higher in almost all samples collected from open land soils compared to those samples collected under woodland soils. The depth profile of 210 Pb is showing a decreasing trend in its activity along the depth in soils, with the maximum value at the top (0-5 cm) layer of the soil, while 137 Cs activity in most samples was found maximum in the 2nd (5-10 cm) and some times in 3rd (10-15 cm) layers, indicating that 137 Cs radionuclides have been leached out to the deeper layers of soil with the passage of time. Radon concentrations in drinking water, indoor air and soil gas samples collected from Islamabad and Murree areas were measured by the active technique, using RAD-7 detector. Higher radon concentrations were found in the water, indoor air and soil gas samples collected from Islamabad region as compared to that from Murree region. Higher values of radon concentration in water of Islamabad region were found consistent with the origin of radon source (bore hole/well water) and the lower values in the samples of Murree region were indicating the surface source of drinking water and the frequent flow of air at high altitude sites. The contribution of mean annual effective doses from radon contained in the samples of Islamabad and Murree regions were deduced and found lower than the recommended values of UNSCEAR, ICRP and US EPA, thus posing no threat to the health of the local people. In the last, the latent damage trails of fission fragments in CR-39 plastic detectors (exposed to 252 Cf source) were revealed through etching process, using various amounts of Na2CO3-mixed 6M NaOH solutions as etchants. Track etching parameters such as sensitivity, efficiency, etch induction time, track and bulk etch velocities and track activation energies in the detector, were determined. The results were compared with other similar studies and found with nice agreement. The reduced etch induction times and activation energies in CR-39 detectors were observed when etched them at 4% Na2CO3-mixed NaOH solution. Efforts were also made for the fabrication of micro/nano filters in CR-39 detectors, to fractionate the size distribution of aerosols.