HOMESCHOOLING: A FORMULA FOR ESTABLISHING ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN REMOTE COMMUNITIES IN INDONESIA

The disparity in the equality of education in Indonesia, especially in backwoods areas, is one of the problems of education in Indonesia. One of the Government's action in overcoming this gap is by distributing teachers to remote areas of the country. In addition, the government also stipulates several laws and regulations as the formal legality of education in backwoods communities. This study aims to explore the possibility of implementing the homeschool education model (homeschooling) for backwoods communities, as an effort to applied Islamic subject matter and prevail education in Indonesia. This study uses a naturalistic phenomenological approach, using triangulation as one of the data analyzes. The research location is in Hansibong, a backwoods hamlet in the Sojol mountains of ParigiMoutong district, Central Sulawesi. The results of this study found that education in Hansibong is carried out informally within the family. Learning process is held in a traditional way, using very minimal of media, methods and subject matter. The material taught is limited to morality values, reading and writing, arithmetic and the ability to survive in nature. Islamic education in its function as a strengthening of cognitive intelegence, morals, spirituality and nationality has not been provided in learning at home. As a research implication, a homeschooling socialization effort is needed so that the student community can continue to a higher level. The implementation of homeschooling that is not in accordance with the technical guidelines issued by the government will only disserve students because learning outcomes cannot be equalized with existing education levels.

Exploring the Role of the Head Teacher in Developing Culture of Teamwork Among Teachers

The development of teamwork culture has been considered in the literature as a positive effort for school development, as it brings co-operation, friendliness, and warmth. The headteacher's role as a key actor has been emphasized in developing culture of teamwork. This study focuses on understanding headteacher's role in developing culture of teamwork among teachers. The study was conducted in two sections (junior and senior) of one of the private secondary schools in Karachi, Pakistan. Within the qualitative design, a case study approach had been undertaken to explore a headteacher's role in developing a culture of teamwork. Semi-structured interviews, informal discussions, observations, and document reviews were used to generate the data. The study explored the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the teamwork culture and the role that the headteacher performs in developing the culture of teamwork. It also investigated the strategies that the headteachers used and found the challenges they faced in this process. The culture of teamwork has been considering in the study from an ethical perspective. The study revealed relationships based on respect, care, support and encouragement. An integral role of the headteacher appeared in the study. The findings suggest that the headteacher roles; such as of, care taker, coordinator, mentor and peer-coach, decision-maker, facilitator and guide and trust-builder, are vital in developing a collaborative team culture in the school. The findings of the study revealed that teamwork culture maintains a healthy climate, builds trust, brings down isolation, enhances risk-taking and leads to collective form of making decisions and solving problems. The research also draws the lessons learnt from the study, illustrates implications for headteacher and teachers, and gives recommendations for further study.