منشی عطاء اﷲ
افسوس ۲؍ فروری کو دارالمصنفین کے مخلص اور قدیم کارکن منشی عطاء اﷲ صاحب نے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، ان کا اصلی وطن کیرانہ ضلع مظفرنگر تھا، ۱۹۱۶ء میں دارالمصنفین میں پریس قائم ہوا تو ان کے بڑے بھائی منشی عبدالحفیظ صاحب مرحوم نے اس کے انصرام کی ذمہ داری قبول کی، ان ہی کے ساتھ یہ بھی اعظم گڑھ آکر شعبۂ طباعت سے وابستہ ہوئے، جب کبرسنی کی وجہ سے ملازمت ترک کرنی چاہی تو سید صباح الدین صاحب مرحوم کا شدید اصرار اس میں مانع ہوا، پھر اپنے سعادت مند فرزند ڈاکٹر محمد نعیم ندوی کے اصرار سے گھر پر آرام کرنا منظور تو کرلیا لیکن ان کا دل دارالمصنفین ہی میں لگا رہتا تھا، اس لیے جب تک قوت رہی برابر دوسرے تیسرے روز یہاں آتے رہے، وہ طبعاً نیک، صلح پسند اور دیندار تھے، اپنی دینداری کی وجہ سے اپنے اکلوتے بیٹے ڈاکٹر محمد نعیم ندوی کو حفظ کرانے کے بعد ندوہ میں داخل کیا، جو فراغت کے بعد دارالمصنفین کے رفیق رہے اور اب ابوظہبی کے محکمۂ شرعیہ سے وابستہ ہیں، منشی عطاء اﷲ صاحب اپنی نیکی، بھلمنساہت اور ملنساری کی وجہ سے شہر میں مقبول تھے، اﷲ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے اور متعلقین کو صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، فروری ۱۹۹۲ء)
Contraception is generally divided into two types, namely the Long Term Contraception Method (MKJP) and the Non Long Term Contraception Method (Non MKJP). Side effects of using injection contraceptives; There is a change in menstrual pattern, such as irregularity, bleeding, spotting, or bleeding for up to 10 days. Intra Uterine Devices (IUD) are long-term contraceptives that are inserted into the uterus. The advantages of this contraception include high effectiveness of about 0.6 to 0.8 pregnancies per 100 women, failure in 125 to 170 pregnancies. There are several disadvantages to its use, such as bleeding (spotting) between menstruation, excessive menstrual pain, longer menstrual periods, and heavy bleeding at the time of menstruation.
Natural Language Interfaces to Databases (NLIDB) is an area of research that deals with the representation of users request to database in their native language. Currently, data warehouses are widely used by enterprises for decision making. It is important to mention that characteristics of decision-making systems are inherently different from transactional systems. The users of decision-making systems are top management (executives) who are normally non-technical having less knowledge of the data warehouse schema and about writing database technical queries. In fact, ad-hoc query is the information need of user that may not be fulfilled with front-end tools having predefined capabilities e.g. Reporting, OLAP or Data mining tools etc. Such information needs are not easy to express in technical query language. This motivated us to propose a Natural Language Based Retrieval System for Data Warehouse (NLRSDW) to support users especially in the ad-hoc query development.A Logical Schema-based Mapping (LSM) technique has been developed. Using this technique, targeted search is performed efficiently in the data instances. For targeted search, a LSM oriented mechanism has been presented. In addition, 3 searching strategies are elaborated which include 1) Identified elements searching 2) Proximal elements searching and 3) Level-wise searching to retrieve the matching instances for each data value. The retrieved instances are ranked with 5 criterions based on which an algorithm has been developed. Furthermore, solution to identify the aggregation constructs (i.e. aggregation function, measure, level and grouping attributes) accurately has been presented. Data Warehouses maintain aggregated computations to efficiently answer queries on large volume of data. It is very challenging task to interpret accurate aggregation constructs from the keyword-based query written on the Natural Language Interface to Data Warehouse. Later, a semi-automatic approach to build the Data Warehouse logical Schema-based Domain Thesaurus is proposed.This approach takes the Data Warehouse logical Schema as input and generates Domain Thesaurus using multiple sources containing Schema, Data Instances, WordNet, WWW and Domain Repository. The Thesaurus evolution approach is also presented which shows how Thesaurus can be technically expanded at user query time.An in-depth experimental evaluation has been carried out in comparison to existing systems. The results are encouraging. Using NLRSDW, non-technical users can easily write any ad-hoc information need in natural language. As a result, executives do not have to take support of IT staff and time to develop query is negligible.