طبی شعبہ میں ضرورت و حاجت سے متعلقہ فقہی قواعد کی معاصر تطبیقی صورتیں

Emergence of biomedical research and innovation with an unprecedented speed has created number of opportunities and challenges for policy makers. On the one hand, it is now possible to introduce tailor-made personal medication regime for an ailing patient to offer state of the art treatments. On the other hand, several ethical and legal issues have been raised due to the complex nature of emerging technologies.  Policy makers all over the world are constantly addressing these challenges by continuously upgrading their respective professional and regulatory frameworks. This article is an attempt to highlight Shariah maxims which have contemporary application in medical field. Lately, there has been a lot of interest in the debate of Shariah maxims and many scholars have used maxims-based analytical frameworks to show the dynamic application of Islamic law. This article builds upon those works by focusing on issues related to the medical field.

The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Second Language Learning of Esl Students at Graduate Level

Emotional intelligence plays significant role in developing and enhancing English language proficiency skills among ESL learners. Previous research findings affirm that emotional quotient (EQ) is as important as intelligence quotient (IQ) for learning language and attaining success. The current study was an attempt to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence interventions with English proficiency skills among advanced level ESL learners. The study adopted descriptive framework in first phase to determine the association of emotional quotient scores with English proficiency skills among ESL learners. A sample of 556 students with equal ratio of male and female students was determined to find this correlation. Comparatively, male students demonstrated weak positive correlation while female students showed moderately positive correlation between their EQ level and ESL proficiency skills. The second phase of the study examined the impact of emotional intelligence on ESL learning skills in an explanatory cause and effect research design. Emotional intelligence based English language teaching (EI-ESL pedagogy) was used as treatment for ten weeks on students of experimental group and results were compared with the results of control group at pretreatment and post-treatment stage. Findings obtained from statistical results and logical interpretations revealed positive association between emotional intelligence interventions and language proficiency skills of ESL learners along with significant enhancement in their language learning abilities. EI-ESL pedagogy not only increased the EQ level of students, but it resulted in the significant enhancement of their language learning competencies. The study emphasized upon the effective, productive and integral use of emotional intelligence interventions in ESL teaching instructions, English curriculum and ESL classrooms; as emotional intelligence determines personal, academic and professional success among students and professionals at all levels.