احساس مُروَّت کوکچل دیتے ہیں حالات
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
تلک الایام نداولھا بین الناس -- صدق اللہ العظیم -
صدر ِذی وقار معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’احساس مُروَّت کو کچل دیتے ہیں حالات ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
احساس سے مراد محسوس کرنا ہے، اور اس کا تعلق قوتِ عقل سے ہے جو عقل کی دولت سے مالا مال ہے، جو گلستانِ عقل و شعور کا گل سرسبز ہے، جو بحرِ آگہی کی اٹھتی ہوئی موج ہے، جو آسمان فہم و فراست کا قطب ستارہ ہے، جو میدانِ ادراک و وجدان کا شاہسوار ہے وہ احساس جیسی متاع گراں کا بھی مالک ہے۔ وہ نہ صرف جہاندیدہ ہے بلکہ گرم سرد چشیدہ بھی ہے۔
اگرچہ اس کائنات میں غیرذوی العقول مخلوق بھی کچھ احساس کا پاس رکھتی ہے لیکن احساس کی تمام جزئیات و کلیات سے کماحقہٗ باخبر اشرف المخلوقات انسان ہی ہوتا ہے۔
بندوں میں خدا ڈھونڈ رہا، عشق کے بندے
میں عشق کے بندوں میں خدا ڈھونڈ رہا ہوں
معزز سامعین!
حواس خمسہ میں سے کسی حس کے ذریعے جب کوئی چیز معلوم کی جاتی ہے یا کسی کا ادراک حاصل کیا جا تا ہے تو وہ احساس ہی ہوتا ہے۔ قوت لامسہ، سامعہ یہ جملہ قو تیں معلومات اکٹھی کرتی ہیں۔ اگر خارجی عوامل کارفرما نہ ہوں اور یہ جملہ قویٰ قوانین فطرت کے مطابق عمل کر رہے ہوں تو اس کائناتِ رنگ و بو کے گلستان میں بہار آجاتی ہے۔ نرگس و گلاب کھلکھلا اُٹھتے ہیں ، عنادل وقمریاں سریلے گیت گانا شروع کر دیتی ہیں، ان کی آواز سے گلشن ہستی کا سارا ماحول خوشگوار ہو جا تا...
If you have a relationship with the past, a sustainable plan can be done for future. Islamic personalities, especially the introduction of the scholars, intensify the path of progress in the field of scientific and research as well as the continuous hard work in the practical world. Similarly, when introduction of the people with historical roles have reached to the next generation, it is easy to define pathways and take lessons from the opponents to work hard for them. Introducing individuals with a specific region is worth a king's ransom investment for all its geographically entrusted and external roles and a leading rule for a new generation of races. In the underlying article, efforts are being made to present brief introduction of the scholars of the District Haripur who have written in various sciences and fictions, so that people of this region can know that this area also remained the base of Islamic scholars. Due to this article, depicting the introduction of the scholars of different school of thoughts will undermine an enormous and sectarian ideology, and the strength of tolerance and brotherhood will be strengthened.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the indispensable element for plants to regulate key biochemical processes like photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division and cell enlargement. Although, sufficient amount of P is present in agricultural soils but generally it is unavailable for plant growth and development due to fixation and immobilization. Potato is used as a staple food in most part of the world and popular in Pakistan as well. Microorganisms with P-solubilizing ability have substantial ability to provide P, required for healthy plant growth. Present study was carried out to isolate P-solubilizing rhizobacteria from major potato growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan with the hypothesis that the P-solubilizing rhizobacteria would improve growth and yield of potato on inoculation. Out of 116 isolates, 31 were characterized as P-solubilizers with varying ability of tri-calcium phosphate solubilization (16.57 to 140.38 μg ml-1) in vitro. Fifteen isolates showed P-mineralizing potential with extracellular (0.9×10-10 kat to 6.07×10-10) and intra-cellular (0.32×10-10 kat to 3.65×10-10) phytase activity. Of 31 P-solubilizing rhizobacteria, 20 isolates showed IAA (0.5 to 13.84 μg ml-1) producing potential. Taxonomically these bacteria were identified on the bases of 16S rRNA gene and belongs to ten different genera. Gene considered for P-solubilization pqqE, was successfully amplified in four (P. brassicacearum KPS-5, Pseudomonas sp.KPS-7, Serratia sp. KPS-8 and S. plymuthica KPS-10) bacterial strains while ß-propeller gene (encoding alkaline phytase) was confirmed in two (P. brassicacearum KPS-5 and B. subtilis KPS-11) bacterial strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, pqqE and ß-propeller genes showed their phylogeny at genus level. Phenotypic microarray analysis of potent P-solubilizers revealed their metabolic diversity and potential. P-solubilizers exhibited organic acids (gluconic, oxalic, tartaric, malic and lactic acids) production ability in varying amount. P-solubilization and organic acid production attributes were positively correlated (r= 0.9412 to 0.9912) with pH decline in culture medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of phosphobacterial strains P. brassicacearum KPS-5, Pseudomonas sp.KPS-7 and Serratia sp. KPS-8 showed their colonization potential with potato roots. These bacterial strains were labelled with yellow fluorescent protein (yfp), inoculated to potato seedlings and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) which further confirmed their root colonization potential. Fifteen promising P-solubilizing bacterial strains were selected for plant inoculation test. All inoculations enhanced potato growth parameters. However, P. brassicacearum KPS-5, Pseudomonas sp.KPS-7 and Serratia sp. KPS-8 showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher potato growth compared to other inoculated and un-inoculated plants. In another experiment, conducted in soil supplemented with phytate, two rifampicin resistant derivatives of bacterial strains P. brassicacearum KPS-5 and B. subtilis KPS-11 were successfully recovered from potato rhizosphere and rhizoplane at different time intervals up to 60 days after inoculation which showed their survival and colonization potential. Both bacterial strains significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the potato growth parameters in comparison with un-inoculated plants. Field experiments were conducted at three different localities (Faisalabad, Sahiwal and Rawalakot) to evaluate plant growth promoting potential of selected rhizobacterial strains under field conditions. Bacterial inoculums of P. brassicacearum KPS-5, Pseudomonas sp.KPS-7 and Serratia sp. KPS-8 supplemented with half dose of P fertilizer significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the growth and yield of potato when compared with un-inoculated plants with same level of P fertilizer as well as un-inoculated treatments with full dose of rock phosphate (RP). It is concluded on the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies that P. brassicacearum KPS-5, Pseudomonas sp.KPS-7 and Serratia sp. KPS-8 are potential P-solubilizing rhizobacterial strains that can enhance growth and yield of potato by making unavailable forms of phosphorus to bioavailable form. These bacterial strains can be used as P-solubilizing bio-inoculants with reduced dose of P fertilizer for potato crop.