Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Commercialization of Public and Private Schools in Pakistan : A Case Study of District Lakki Marwat 2008-2011

Commercialization of Public and Private Schools in Pakistan : A Case Study of District Lakki Marwat 2008-2011

Thesis Info

Author

Kamran Aziz

Supervisor

Naureen Talha

Department

National Institute Of Pakistan Studies(NIPS)

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Subject

special education

Language

English

Other

Classification No:371.009549124KAC

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676710948961

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

کچھ یادیں کچھ باتیں

کچھ یادیں کچھ باتیں
یہ اُن دنوں کی بات ہے جب میں رسمی تعلیم کے ایک مرحلے کی تکمیل کے بعد عملی زندگی میں قدم رکھنے کی جستجو میں تھا کہ میری ملاقات ایک ایسے شخص سے ہوئی جس نے زندگی میں درپیش مسائل سے نبردآزما ہونے میں بہت مدد کی اوراب بھی تادمِ تحریر اِن کے علمی و ادبی فیض سے استفادہ جاری ہے۔
جون ۱۹۹۲ئ؁ کی بات ہے کہ خالد بھٹی (مرحوم) نے اپنے حاوی کالج میں طلباء کی خوشنویسی کی تربیت کے لیے بطور خوش نویس معلم مجھے خدمات سر انجام دینے کے لیے آمادہ کیا اور اسی سلسلہ میں ایک اشتہار ’’حاوی کالج کی فخریہ پیشکش‘‘ تدریس ِ خطاطی کی باقاعدہ کلاس کی کتابت کے لیے خالد بھٹی کے ہمراہ اِن کی رہائش گاہ پر حاضر ہوا تو دیکھا کہ ایک تیس بتیس سالہ خوش شکل، خوش رنگ ، خوش لباس ، دبلا پتلا ، باریش شخص سامان کتابت کے ساتھ اپنی مسندِ خاص پر برا جمان ہے اور جلد ہی یہ احساس بھی ہوا کہ وہ خوش اخلاق اور مہمان نواز بھی ہے۔ ازاں بعد ملاقاتوں کا سلسلہ جاری رہا۔ رب کریم کی مجھ پر کرم نوازی ہوئی کہ مارچ ۱۹۹۳ئ؁ میں میں اُن کارفیق کا ر بن گیا اور ہم گورنمنٹ مڈل سکول نمبر ۲ میں اکٹھے رہے ۔ اُن سے رفاقت کا سلسلہ جیسے طول پکڑ تاگیا۔ اُن کی شخصیت کے ہر پہلو سے مجھے آشنائی ہوتی گئی ۔
۱۹۶۲ئ؁ میں عارف والا کے مضافاتی شہر چک نمبر ۳۷/ ای۔بی میں جنم لینے والا محمد اکرم جس نے ابتدائی تعلیم اپنے والدِ محترم سے حاصل کی اور محض چھ سال کی عمر میں والد کا سایہ سر سے اُٹھ گیا ۔ پھر یتیمی کی ستم ظریفی اور غریب الوطنی کی پُرخار راہوں سے گزرتے ہوئے میٹرک کا...

علم الروایہ و الدرايۃ٬ مفہوم اور تاریخی پس منظر

Hadith and Science of Hadith are the terms used by specialists of Hadith known as Mohaditeen. A hadith is a recorded statement, action or approval of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). It is considered as the second primary source of Islamic law after Quran. It is also a part of revelation. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) described it through his words. The science of hadith examplifies the principles with which a specialist in the field of Hadith evaluates the authenticity and accuracy of narrations. In the past there were two specific and developmental stages for the Books of Hadith terminology. In its 1st stage, the Scholars focused on the compilation of the statements of earlier scholars, quoting the expressions they had used without evaluating those terms or suggesting terms applicable to those expressions. This methodology was adopted by the earlier scholars such as Yaḥyā ibn Ma`īn, `Alī ibn al-Madīnī, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, and Al – Tirmidi. In the second period the Authors cited the quoted statements of the earlier works and began the collection and codification of relevant terms. In this period, the specific Principles were established. Examples of books authored in this manner are: Ma`rifah `Ulūm al-Ḥadīth by al-Ḥākim, Al-Kifāyah by al-Khaṭīb alBaghdādī and the Introduction of Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ. In this article the two major types of science of Hadith have been mentioned, Rewayat-ul-Hadith and Derayat-ulHadith. Its definition and historical background has been described.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Gout Treatment

Nanoparticles have been known for their unique properties and are being utilized in various disciplines of sciences. Nanoparticles due to their smaller size enable them to higher exposure and higher availability through gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. In this research four metallic oxides nanoparticles (iron, zinc, silver and copper) along with three biological nanoparticles (turmeric, garlic and cinnamon) were synthesized. Various characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate these synthesized nanoparticles. Among the synthesized metallic nanoparticles the mean diameter of zinc oxide nanoparticles was around 47 nm, the mean diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles was around 54 nm, the diameter of silver oxide nanoparticles ranged between 40-70 nm and the diameter of copper nanoparticles ranged between 30-50 nm. Moreover, mean diameter of synthesized garlic and turmeric nanoparticles were 62 and 46 nm respectively. However, cinnamon particles turned out to be in micro ranges. To evaluate potential of these synthesized nanoparticle in Gout treatment mice were used as model organism. For this experiment mice were induced with gout by injecting them with MSU crystals. These synthesized nanoparticles were administered orally to mice in various concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm. Biochemical tests such as RFTs, LFTs, lipid profile and blood count were performed to evaluate the effect of these nanoparticles at various concentration on gout. From renal function tests it was observed that these nanoparticles had decreased the uric acid levels in mice thus treating gout. From these biochemical test it was observed that nanoparticles were effective in reducing serum uric acid levels among which 5 ppm AgO NPs (1.80 ± 0.3098), 5 ppm zinc (2.00 ±0.8944), 5 ppm turmeric NPs (1.550 ± 0.1517) and 20 ppm garlic NPs (1.750 ± 0.1378) showed the most significant (P<0.01) results in reducing serum uric acid in comparison to allopurinol (2.11 ± 0.3710). Furthermore, at lower concentrations nanoparticles did not cause any significant toxicity. From this research it was concluded that the synthesized zinc, turmeric, garlic and cinnamon nanoparticles have potential in treating gout. Renal function test of these groups revealed that the uric acid levels were considerably decreased as well as the swelling of ankles also decreased. Moreover, the mice which were locally administered with 5 ppm of Turmeric-oil NPs had astonishing effect in decreasing the swelling of mice ankles. Repeated oral administration of various nanoparticles at lower concentration can result in the reduction of serum uric acid levels in mice.