DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG PEOPLE HAVING COVID-19 UNDERGONE QUARANTINE

Aims Of Study: Coronavirus is a potentially deadly disease that mostly affects human lung tissue. Multiple cases of unexplained respiratory tract infections were reported to the World Health Organization China in December 2019. The focus of this research was to assess association between depression and PWB in patients who had been isolated due to covid-19. Methodology: A sample of 250 people with covid-19 post quarantine, with age ranges from 25 to 45 were selected by using purposive sampling methods. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and psychological well-being scales were administered. Regression analysis and t-test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Obtained results evidenced that depression is significantly predict psychological health in the covid-19 population [B= -.015, -.019, F (7.915) sig= .000]. Gender difference is also observed in variable of depression also [(4.78) =.030, p.000]. Limitations and future implications: Future research may base on longitudinal analyses focusing on familial and social factors that may influence the psychological well-being of people living in quarantine. Originality: I certify that the intellectual substance of this article is the result of my own effort and that all assistance and sources used in the preparation of this article have been acknowledged. Conclusion: It was concluded that Depression affects people with COVID-19 and PWB after quarantine. future research may focus more on the influence of the interaction between quarantine and adults’ mental health to fully comprehend the link. 

Proportional Load Sharing and Stability of Dc Microgrid

AC electrical distribution system is presently dominating whose engineering foundations were planned above hundred years ago. However, the debate between ac and dc distribution system has started again due to the evolution of dc loads and increasing use of renewable energy sources (RESs). Currently, depleting threat of conventional fuels, growing energy demand and prices, and ecological changes necessitate that considerable power to be produced through RESs. Microgrids are modern form of distribution system which can function autonomously or in combination with main supply grid. Microgrids can operate in low or medium voltage range which have their own power generation with energy storage and loads. The unique property of the microgrids is that they can work in islanded mode under faulty grid conditions which increases the reliability of power supply. This inspires that microgrid is an e ective way of power generation and consumption. In the near future, the distribution system may consist of some interconnected microgrids with local generation, storage and consumption of power. Solar, wind and fuel cell technologies are playing an important role in electric power generation among various renewable sources. Most of these sources are inherently designed for dc or they are dc friendly. The growing use of these sources and fast evolution of domestic appliances from ac to dc attracting dc microgrids in the distribution system. DC microgrid system may be more e cient compared to the ac system because the integration of RESs in dc requires less conversion stages compared to ac. Additionally, the reactive power compensation and frequency synchronization circuits are not required in dc microgrids. DC microgrids are not exempted from the stability concerns. In therst part of this thesis, voltage stability of dc microgrid based on decentralized control architecture is presented. Droop controllers are being used for voltage stability of dc microgrids. But droop control is not e ective due to the error in steady state voltages and load power variations. Further, the voltage deviation increases with the increase in droop values which are not acceptable to the loads. Additionally, proportional integral (PI) controllers are being used to realize droop control for the ix stability of dc microgrid. The main reason to use these control techniques is due to easy implementation of their tuning method in industrial applications. However, PI controllers cannot ensure global stability. They exhibit slower transient response and control parameters cannot be optimized with load power variations. To address the aforementioned limitation, sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed for voltage stability of dc microgrid in this thesis. Main advantages of SMC are high robustness, fast dynamic response and good stability for large load variations. To analyze the stability and dynamic performance, mathematical model of a dc microgrid is derived. Controllability and stability of the modeled system are veri ed. Hitting, existence and stability conditions are veri ed through SM. Modeled dynamics of the system are graphically plotted which shows that system trajectories converge to the equilibrium point. Detailed simulations are carried out to show the e ectiveness of SM controller and results are compared with droop controller. SMC showed good voltage regulation performance in steady state condition. The e ect of transient on a step load is also investigated which con rms the good performance of the proposed controller. Further, a small scale practical setup is developed, and results are presented. In the second part of this thesis, distributed architecture using SM controller is proposed for proportional load sharing in dc microgrid. The key objectives of the dc microgrid include proportional load sharing and precise voltage regulation. Droop controllers are based on decentralized control architecture which are not e ective to achieve these objectives simultaneously due to the voltage error and load power variations. Centralized controller can achieve these objectives using high bandwidth communication link. However, it loses reliability due to the single point failure. To address limitations, a distributed architecture using SM controller utilizing low bandwidth communication is proposed in this thesis. Main advantages are high reliability, load power sharing and precise voltage regulation. To analyze the stability and dynamic performance, system model is developed and its transversality, reachability and equivalent control condition are veri ed. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of the modeled system is investigated for underdamped and critically damped response. Detailed simulation results are carried out to show the e ectiveness of the proposed controller.