نوجوان کی تربیت اور منہج نبوی

Undoubtedly, Youth play cardinal role in the development and reformation of any society. Their activities produce an immense influence in the social development and progress. This article aimed at highlighting the important role of youth in social reforms by keeping in view the Islamic personalities like great companions of Holy Prophet (r). Descriptive and qualitative research approach was employed for the collection and analysis of data. The systematic review of scholarly literature on Islamic history revealed that the Prophet Muhammad (r) gave particular emphasize to nourish young generation in order to mold their lives into an ideal and balanced personality. He by developing intellectual, spiritual, and emotional skills produced such great men who led the mankind and became heroes of history. At the same time they appeared as ideal traders, peaceful citizens, just rulers, true followers of Holy Prophet (r) and loyal worshiper of Allah Almighty. The research by observing present condition of youth found that unfortunately our youth was found in illicit, unethical, useless, and peace demoting activities which promoted social evils and criminal activities. They got involved in unlawful activities including terrorism, killing, robbery, and kidnapping etc. By keeping view the above findings the research strongly recommends to nurture our youth on the footsteps of companions of Holy Prophet (r) in order to bring peace and prosperity in the country. Moreover they should be given awareness about the lives of heroes of Islam who appeared with great titles on the horizon.

Dynamics of Osrglp1 Gene During Fungal Exposure in Transgenic Potato

Germin like proteins (GLPs) are large group of related and ubiquitous plant proteins. These proteins are considered to be involved in most of the processes important for the development of plant and defense mechanism. Although multiple copies of this gene family have been reported in a number of species (wheat, barley, rice, soybean, mosses and liverwort), even then the up-regulated expression of GLP transgenes has demonstrated additional defense capabilities. Due to reported role of GLPs in conferring fungal resistance, there is a need to explore their antifungal activity. For this purpose potato was selected as experimental material. It is a vegetable crop and produces, on average, additional food energy and protein than cereals. Potato with immense nutritive value, large yield, and significant cash return to farmers, has become a major crop for both farmers and consumers in Pakistan. Potato is susceptible to many kinds of diseases, especially to fungal pathogens, therefore genetic engineering of potato for disease resistance is an important strategy study and apply disease resistance. GM technology can be an effective tool for crop improvement. The transgenic approach was pursued to introduce rice (Oryza sativa) germin like protein gene OsRGLP1 using two recombinant vectors pC:OsRGLP1 and pG:OsGLP1 via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Confirmation of presence of gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One-step reverse transcriptase PCR was used for transcriptional analysis and expression was quantified in real time in all PCR positive putative transgenic lines. Functional status of transgene was studied in selected high expression lines from two vectors. It was observed that OsRGLP1 possesses super oxide dismutase activity and it is heat resistant and is sensitive to H2O2. These characteristics make it a Fe like SOD. A high H2O2 level was detected in transgenic lines. Fungal assay with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi showed xvi enhanced foliar resistance in transgenic lines in comparison to untransformed control plants. OsRGLP1 may be used as source for nonspecific fungal resistance in plants and the antioxidant activity of heat resistant SOD may be explored for abiotic stress tolerance.