ایمان سے وہ شخص تو ایماں کی طرح ہے
وہ دشمن جاں مجھ کو مری جاں کی طرح ہے
ہر دن ہے تری صورتِ پُرنور کی صورت
ہر رات تری زلفِ پریشاں کی طرح ہے
عزت میں بہت کرتا ہوں ہر ایک ہی ماں کی
ہر ماں مجھے لگتا ہے مری ماں کی طرح ہے
اک تیری جھلک باعثِ تسکینِ دل و جاں
دیدار ترا درد کے درماں کی طرح ہے
ساون کی طرح میری ہے آنکھوں کا برسنا
اور جلنا مرے دل کا، چراغاں کی طرح ہے
ہر شب ہے مری رنج کی روداد کے جیسی
ہر روز مرا درد کے عنواں کی طرح ہے
جس دن سے مرے دیس کو تم چھوڑ گئے ہو
اُس دن سے مرا دیس بیاباں کی طرح ہے
دستورِ زباں بندی یہاں جب سے ہے نافذ
یہ شہر مرا شہرِ خموشاں کی طرح ہے
ہے وصل ترا گلشن و گلزار کی مانند
اور ہجر ترا خارِ مغیلاں کی طرح ہے
اے قیس! ترا چاکِ گریبان جو دیکھا
یہ چاک مرے چاکِ گریباں کی طرح ہے
ہر صبح، مری صبحِ قفس جیسی ہے تائبؔ
ہر شام مری شامِ غریباں کی طرح ہے
With advancement in the modern world, psychological issues, including anxiety and depression has become the leading cause of mental illness. Herbal products have been explored to observe their effects in helping such conditions and citrus fruits are found to be among these helping tools. To study this, current research was designed to explore the antidepressant effects of Citrus paradisi in various doses on rodents. Swiss Albino mice were used and fresh extract of Citrus paradisi was prepared. Imipramine was used as the standard drug. Ethical approval was taken from the Board of Advanced Studies, University of Karachi. The animals were divided into controlled, standard and test groups. All the animals were recruited from the animal house of University of Karachi. Forced Swimming Test was used to analyses the efficacy. It is a standard test, which is commonly used to evaluate the behavioral response in animals using a cylinder at room temperature. After the completion of dosing and monitoring the animals for 30 days, it was observed that marked improvement in the test animal’s behavior with significant p-values indicating that the extract has improved the animal’s psychological response towards the external stress and animals showed noteworthy improvement in the mobile phase as compared to the immobile phase. It can be concluded from the experimental results that protocol established in this study can be used as an alternative for patients suffering with depression as an herbal option, keeping in mind the other co morbidities of patient and drug interactions of Citrus paradisi.
In order to examine the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium and nickel) on morpho-anatomy and physiology of two macrphytes Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms have been collected randomly from contaminated waters. Plants of both species were subjected to metals (Cd, Ni and combination of Cd+Ni) stress. The levels for Cd2+, Ni2+ and Cd2++Ni2+ combined was 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L in aqueous medium. The data was recorded for different morpho-physiological and anatomical attributes. The growth of the both plant species was reduced under metal stress. A significant reduction in photosynthetic parameters was noted in E. crassipes and P. stratiotes under metal stress. Organic osmolytes generally increased by metal stress however, E. crassipes accumulated proline and total proteins in higher amount under Ni stress while P. stratiotes showed same response under Cd stress. Ions like K+ and Ca2+ were severely affected by both metals in E. crassipes. Metals improved uptake of both Ca2+ and K+ in shoot and roots under metal stress in P. stratiotes. However Na+ and Cl- was not affected by metal stress. E. crassipes is better accumulator of both Ni and Cd however; Ni in root was more in P. stratiotes when applied in combination with Cd. Root area, root pith area and pith cell area, root xylem area, metaxylem area and endodermal cell area generally increased in E. crassipes under metal stress. Root epidermal cell area, cortical region cell area and its thickness and aerenchymatous area increased in both P. stratiotes and E. crassipes under metal stress. However, phloem area increased only in P. stratiotes under all stresses. Leaf anatomical characteristics like adaxial or abaxial epidermal cell area were relatively more responsive to Cd stress when applied alone or in combination with Ni in P. stratiotes. However, trichome number and length increased at lower levels of stress in P. stratiotes. Stomatal density on both leaf surfaces and bundle sheath cell area generally increased in E. crassipes under metal stress. Other leaf characteristics like aerenchymatous area, vascular bundle area, stomatal area, sclerenchyma area, chlorenchymatous area, xylem area, phloem area and lamina thickness generally decreased under metal stress. It is concluded thatE. crassipes is relatively more sensitive to Cd than Ni, whereas P. stratiotes is more sensitive to Ni than Cd. Both species are metal accumulators and can be used for phytoremediation of metal effected soils and water.