بیگم سلطانہ حیات
افسوس ہے کہ اردو کی ایک عاشق وفدائی اور اتر پردیش میں اردو تحریک کی قائد بیگم سلطانہ حیات صاحبہ ۷؍ جون کو رحلت فرماگئیں، وہ تقریباً نصف صدی تک اردو کے فروغ کے لیے سرگرم عمل رہیں، ۵۵ء میں انجمن ترقی اردو ہند نے اردو کو اتر پردیش میں علاقائی زبان تسلیم کرانے کے لیے دستخطی مہم چلائی جس کو کامیاب بنانے میں انھوں نے اور ان کے شوہر جناب حیات اﷲ انصاری نے غیر معمولی دلچسپی لی اور اتر پردیش کے مختلف علاقوں کا دورہ کیا، وہ اس وفد میں بھی شامل تھیں جو ۲۲ لاکھ دستخطوں کے ساتھ میمورنڈم لے کر اس وقت کے صدر جمہوریہ ڈاکٹر راجندر پرشاد کے پاس گیا تھا، انھوں نے ’’تعلیم گھر‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادارہ بھی قائم کیا تھا، اس نے اترپردیش میں اردو کے کئی اسکول قائم کیے جن سے ہر سال سینکڑوں طلبہ فیضیاب ہوتے تھے، وہ طبعاً نیک، شریف اور درد مند خاتون تھیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ اردو کی اس مجاہدہ اور خادمہ کی مغفرت فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جولائی ۱۹۹۴ء)
The current research was conducted to explore the possible causes of actual employee turnover and turnover intentions. Using Post positivism research philosophy, phenomenological qualitative research method was used to explore the phenomena. Semi-structured interviews of 21 bank employees (selected using purposive sampling) were conducted which were analyzed using NVivo 12. The research findings suggest many uniques themes in order to overcome the problem of employee turnover, especially for banks. The themes which were developed consisted of five significant themes such as the bank appraisals and reward system was identified as biased and based more on favoritism, employee feel that their actual performance is not evaluated properly and sincerely. The other factor concluded by the research findings is that the employees are dissatisfied with the salary and benefits, as they felt that there should a consistent effort to identify employee personal needs which should be customized accordingly in their compensation plans as well. The very essential factor recognized in the research finding was the upward and downward communication gaps with the employees. Such perceptions generated related issues as the employees felt that branches are much deprived to have a direct communication channel with the top team heads. The other very essential factor discovered after the investigation of the phenomena of turnover is lack of career growth. Lastly, another important cause of employee turnover was the transfers, which took place without the consent of the employee. Employees felt demotivated due to such transfers and changes in their work locations. Recommendations and future research directions have been at the end of the research
Asthma is an inflammatory chronic disorder of airways of lungs. In world, asthma is recognized as one of the most chronic diseases, which affects above 300 million people all round the world. In Pakistan, approximately 5-8% of adults are suffering from asthma. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute towards the development of disease. It is a multigenic disorder, and is due to different genetic factors, which also determine immune responses. The purpose of the present study is to identify and investigate polymorphisms in major asthma genes. In present study, 34 SNPs of 28 genes were genotyped by iPLEX and Taqman assay. HLA class II association was done by sequence specific PCR. It is found that the minor alleles of IL10 (rs1800896) and IL13 (rs1800925) are related to increased asthma risk in our population. It is also seen that the minor alleles of ADAM33 (rs2280091) are showing significant association with protection in Pakistani asthmatic population. ADAM33 minor allele is having protective effect in females. ACE homozygous insertion is reported to be associated with asthma risk in Pakistani population. HLA class II DRB1*07 and DQB1*03 are found to be important in asthma pathogenesis and DQB1*06 is showing statistically significant association with protection against the disease.