شخصية الصحابة في شعر صدر الإسلام

The literature represents the nation’s treasure of poetry and prose and its original heritage. It is the outcome of minds believe fully in its right to develop along with other nations. Poetry is one of the fields of heritage which observe human activity in the Arab environment and records the nation’s deeds everywhere by its pure tongue. For all these reasons it is concluded that the poetry which was generated with the advent of Islam especially the poetry of the prophet’s honorable companions who represented the first generation in Islam who were imparted education in Prophet’s school. This subject of research appealed to know their ideas in their poetry. In this regard, poetical works of poets of the early stage of Islam was started. The research consists of a preface, two objects of research and a conclusion. In the first object of research it has been discussed the introduction of the Prophet’s companion’s personality, concerning linguistically, technical and conceptual views, their attitude, and the nature of his role in the call for Islam, their role in learning Holy Qur’an by heart, Islam and honorable Prophet’s attitude towards poetry and poets. Whereas the second object of research is, it has been discussed the sensual ideology aspect in one topic such as, Jihad.

Exploring the Impact of In-Service Training on Elementary Science Teachers’ Professional Competence

Public school teachers in Pakistan often undergo in-service trainings that are usually managed by foreign donor-funded agencies. Because of the poor performance of primary schools, the training projects usually focus on professional development of primary and elementary teachers. It is important to know how much the programmes are beneficial for building teachers’ professional knowledge basis by enhancing their teaching skills. To improve schools and enhance professional competence of elementary teachers, the Aga Khan University-Institute for Educational development launched a project known as Strengthening Teacher Education in Pakistan (STEP) through funding of Foreign Affairs and Trade Developments of Canada and the Aga Khan foundation (AKF-C) Canada. Among a variety of programmatic activities, Whole School Improvement (WSIP) is one of the key programmes of STEP project implemented in multifaceted interventions in three separate districts of Balochistan. Teachers continued professional development through in-house workshops and follow up support has been one of the key factors of WSIP. This study explored the impact of training programme conducted under Whole School Improvement Programme (WSIP) on primary teachers’ competence in the context of Balochistan. A qualitative case study methodology was adopted to conduct the study. The participants comprised four primary teachers and a Lead Teacher who was the master trainer. The data was collected through multiple sources: semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, field notes and document analysis. The main findings of the study suggested that the teachers built a collaborative learning environment in the schools. Their interactions and discussions enhanced their professional knowledge and skills. The teachers also developed friendly attitude with students. Furthermore, the teachers believed that on the one hand, the new learnt pedagogies help them involve students in interactive learning and on the other hand, they perceived that the pedagogical skills were helpful to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of science topics. However, the teachers faced challenges like, shortage of necessary teaching materials, lack of parental involvement, pressure of syllabus completion and lack of follow up support. These challenges impede the process of effective classroom teaching and learning. The study recommends further support in terms of resources and professional development for teachers.