(1) عبد الحق، پروفیسر، اقبال کے ابتدائی افکار، فکری سرگذشت، صفحہ 40
(2) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، تنقید اقبال اور دوسرے مضامین ، فکر اقبال کی سرگذشت کا دوسرا دور ، صفحہ 20
(3) اقبال، بکھرے خیالات، ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال، مترجم، پروفیسر عبدالحق، صفحہ 93
(4) عبدالحق، پروفیسر، فکر اقبال کی سرگذشت ، صفحہ 144
(5) عبدالحق، پروفیسر ، فکر اقبال کی سرگذشت ، صفحہ 145
(6) اقبال، کلیات اقبال فارسی، جاوید نامہ، فلک زحل، صفحہ 730
(7) اقبال، بکھرے خیالات، ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال، مترجم پروفیسر عبد الحق ، صفحہ 60
(8) اقبال ، کلیات اقبال اردو، بانگ درا، وطنیت ، صفحہ 18
(9) عبد الحق، پروفیسر، اقبال کا حرف شیریں، اقبال اور تعلیم و تربیت ، صفحہ 55
(10) عبد الحق، پروفیسر، اقبال اور اقبالیات، اقبال اور مقام شبیری، صفحہ 16
(11) عبد الحق، پروفیسر ، اقبال اور اقبالیات ، اقبال اور مقام شبیری ، صفحہ 11
(12) عبدالحق، پر وفیسر، تنقید اقبال اور دوسرے مضامین، مطالعہ اقبال کے چند اسلامی پہلو، صفحہ 21
(13) عبد الحق، پروفیسر ، اقبال اور اقبالیات ، اقبال کا شعری آہنگ، صفحہ 41
(14) اقبال ، کلیات اقبال اردو ، ضرب کلیم، مومن، صفحہ 558
The aim of Hijrah is philosophically viewed as a way to spread Islam wisely. This was by Allah’s guidance and directive amidst the very bitter atmosphere in Makkah at that time against the early followers of the Islamic religion brought by the Rasulullah (pbuh). The prophetic Hijrah observed from the way it impacted Makkah and Madinah’s societies can be construed as a very important event that provided us with a variety of messages. It also acts as a reflection of our contributions to da’wah and the roles we can assume as good Muslims, by looking at what the Rasulullah (pbuh) and his companions had themselves sacrificed in the Hijrah. In short, Al-Hijra is the time when the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his followers moved from Makkah to Madinah, where they set up the first Islamic state. Islam needed to expand and spread in the world, so the migration resulted in the expansion and preservation of Islam and Muslims. The Rasulullah (pbuh) migrated to Madinah when his enemies in Makkah mistreated him and his followers. It is a fact that the early Muslims in Makkah were greatly troubled by the unbelievers of Quraisy, the tribe of the Prophet (pbuh). The Rasulullah’s (pbuh) popularity in his da'wah efforts to invite his people to Islam was seen as threatening by the people in power in Makkah. The context of Hijrah was seen as urgent and timely as the unbelievers in Makkah had escalated the persecution against Muhammad (pbuh) and his followers. This persecution and a directive from Allah were the main reasons for the migration.
Crop and water productivity can be improved by growing crops under drip irrigation coupled with balanced fertigation and adequate irrigation scheduling. This study was conducted, during spring seasons of 2015 and 2016 at experimental area of Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to investigate the maize response and root zone soil behavior under different irrigation frequencies including daily irrigation, 3rd day irrigation and 5th day irrigation. Also three rates of recommended dose of fertigation (RDF) including L1: 100% of RDF, L2: 75% of RDF and L3: 50% of RDF were investigated using imported water soluble fertilizer (IM) as well as for indigenously developed water soluble fertilizer (WN) to check their effects on maize productivity and on its economic return. Crop response was studied in terms of plant height, dry matter weight, grain yields, harvest index and water productivity. Soil behavior was investigated in terms of soil moisture behavior and soil salinity buildup. The experiment was laid under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 54 plots for eighteen experimental treatments with three replicates and three plots for control treatment. It was observed that daily irrigation frequency produced the highest values of crop growth parameters, which decreased when irrigation frequency moved from daily to 3rd day. Regarding crop growth parameters, the 5th day irrigation frequency showed better results than that under 3rd day frequency and worse results than that under daily frequency. The results also showed that the highest plant height (192.8 cm), dry matter weight (18.17 t/ha), grain yield (9.47 t/ha), water productivity (1.80 kg/m3) and net profit (Rs. 188323/ha) were produced using WNL1 (indigenous water soluble fertilizer at 100% RDF) with daily irrigation frequency compared with other treatments. Under daily irrigation, the significantly highest ECe (2.37 ds/m) was found in the top soil layers due to lesser downward movement of salts because of limited water applications. But due to frequent water applications under daily frequency than that under 3rd day and 5th day frequencies, enough soil moisture was present in top soil layers to support better crop growth. Drip irrigation saved 48% irrigation water with cumulative irrigation depth of 556 mm in comparison to conventional ridge sowing (1063 mm). Based on results, it is recommended that maize grown under drip irrigation should be fertilized by WNL1 with daily irrigation frequency for economically better return in semi-arid area of Faisalabad, Pakistan.