مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی
پچھلے مہینہ ایک اور فاضل زمانہ نے اپنی جگہ خالی کردی، یکم ربیع الاول ۱۳۴۷ھ کو استاد الوقت مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی نے وفات پائی، مرحوم اس عہد کے ان یگانہ اساتذہ میں تھے، جن کے حلقہ درس نے سینکڑوں کاملین فن پیدا کئے، جناب عبداﷲ صاحب ٹونکی کی طرح مرحوم کا خاندان بھی بہار سے ٹونک جاکر آباد ہوا تھا، یہ پندہ برس مولانا عبدالحق خیرآبادی کی صحبت میں رہ کر علوم عقلیہ و حکمیہ میں سرآمد روزگار بنے تھے، ساتھ ہی علم حدیث اور علوم دینیہ کا فیض قاضی محمد ایوب بھوپال سے حاصل کیا تھا، والی ٹونک انکی پوری قدر دانی فرماتے تھے اور ان کو اپنی ریاست کا فخر سمجھتے تھے، دور دور سے طلبہ آکر ان کے حلقۂ تعلیم میں شریک ہوتے تھے اور کامیاب ہوکر واپس جاتے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ سرچشمۂ فیض ہمیشہ کے لئے خشک ہوگیا، ’’رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ‘‘ ۱۳۴۷ھ تاریخ وفات جس نے نکالی ہے اس پر بھی خدا کی رحمت، رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ علیہ۔
مرحوم کی بعض فلسفیانہ تصنیفات شائع ہوئی ہیں، مشہور تصانیف حسب ذیل ہیں:
انہارؔ اربعہ تصوف میں، القولؔ الضابط فی تحقیق الوجود الرابط، امامؔ الکلام فی تحقیق الاجسام، فلسفہ میں، حاشیہ برحاشیہ خیر آبادی، برحاشیہ شرح مواقف کلام میں، حاشیہ برجامع ترمذی، حدیث میں، مرحوم نہ صرف اپنے علم و فضل میں، بلکہ اپنے محاسن اخلاق میں بھی پرانے بزرگوں کی شان رکھتے تھے، کتب بینی کا یہ عالم تھا کہ وہ رات بھی جس میں ان کی وفات ہوئی مطالعہ سے ناغہ نہ گئی، نوجوان دنیا ان بوڑھے بزرگوں کی مثال پیدا نہ کرسکے گی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،ستمبر ۱۹۲۸ء)
The methods of Al-Hafiz Al-Zaili in criticizing of text of the Sunnah as described in his book Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah. The science of criticism is well known science since the era of the Companions, and critics of the hadith of the honorable companions have played a very important role in the field of narration and carefully criticizing it. And by passage of the era of the Companions and beginning the era of the followers (tabieen), the criticism became more obvious depending on the growing need, especially after spreading of lie, and creation of fake hadith, which led the critics to further research and verification, for scrutiny between the narrations and then differentiation between the right and the weak. The imams and scholars of hadith from the era of the Companions till present continuously inheriting the approach of criticizing the narratives in succession of their predecessors, whether criticizing the narrators or the texts. I have seen that it is worthwhile to stand on the efforts and methods of one of the imams in his criticism of the hadiths and I have chosen the effort of Imam Hafiz al-Zaili through his book " Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah" to learn how he was using the standards traded among the scholars of Hadith for textual criticism of Sunnah. As the those denied the hadiths from orientalists and their followers and those who follow their example simply claim that the scholars of hadith did not criticize the Sunnah in true criticism and even if they have criticized the hadiths, their criticism was only concerning the narratives not the text, now it is clear through this article that the scholars of hadith did not leave the side of the text, but they criticized text as they criticized the attribution of the hadiths. They set solid rules, which remain scholarly proven and accurate forever. We will revolve in this article around the following topics: learning about Al Hafez Zaili and the science of criticism, methods of textual criticism according to Hafiz Zaili, by focusing on: Criticism of the hadiths for violating the explicit meaning of the Qur'an, or for contradicting the Sunnah, or for contradicting the explicit consensus, or for risking and exaggerating the promise or the warning of simple action, or lack thereof in books of hadith These are the most important rules sited by al-Hafiz al-Zaili, which he practiced and criticized the hadiths and distinguished them between the correct and the weak.
The present study highlights the possibility of using wastewater for forest irrigation. This study was conducted in 2 phases, first phase was the seed germination study of the five selected species and the second phase was of growth of plants through pot experiment. Five tree species selected for the study were, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Bauhinia purpurea L. and Millettia peguensis Ali. Three types of wastewater were collected, first from industrial wastewater (IWW), second from hospital wastewater (HWW) and third from domestic wastewater (DWW). Germination experiment was set up in Petri dishes and seeds were irrigated with different concentrations of WWs. In pot experiment the five tree species were planted in pots and were irrigated with 5 different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of WWs. Germination study results revealed that the five plant species survived in the WW irrigation and showed sufficient tolerance. The maximum germination was of Dalbergia sissoo i.e. 74%. The toxicity of different WWs is as follows: IWW > HWW > DWW The mean time to germination of Millettia peguensis was 95 hrs and of Albizia lebbeck was 80 hrs. Similarly, all the five species showed positive increase in seedling fresh weight, dry weight and seedling length. Maximum fresh weight was observed in Dalbergia sissoo (0.64 g) and the lowest fresh weight was reported in Millettia peguensis (0.35). The order of tolerance index and vigor index among the five species is as follows; Dalbergia sissoo > Albizia lebbeck > Bauhinia purpurea > Pongamia pinnata > Millettia peguensis In pot experiment, the DWW showed positive impact on height, fresh and dry weight, where as, the HWW showed positive impact on height upto 50% concentration and the further increase in concentration decreased the height. The maximum negative impact was observed with IWW irrigation. Pongamia pinnata showed 90% increase xiii in height in DWW compared to control set up. Albizia lebbeck showed 35% increase in fresh weight, 45% increase in fresh weight by Dalbergia sissoo. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of all the five species decreased significantly. In HWW the decrease in photosynthetic rate was as follows; Pongamia pinnata (-80%), Albizia lebbeck (-60%), Dalbergia sissoo (-45%), Millettia peguensis (-45%) and Bauhinia purpurea (-58%). The proline content in all treatments was measured as a sign of oxidative stress. Maximum proline was observed in Bauhinia purpurea (6.33) in IWW, where as the least quantity of proline was observed in Pongamia pinnata (3.89). The metal uptake and translocation results are also very promising. Maximum uptake was observed for Pb in IWW by Dalbergia sissoo (107.06 mg/day). Uptake of Cr and Cu uptake was slow in all species. Translocation factor of Albizia lebbeck was maximum i.e. 3.03 in HWW. Untreated IWW seems to create number of problems in ecosystem by disturbing both biotic and abiotic (soil properties, soil osmotic potential) components. This study seems to be successful in combating wastewater problem. This study indicates that, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia purpurea, Pongamia pinnata and Millettia peguensis are much tolerant in IWW and can be successfully used for phytoextraction processes. The tolerance index is as follows: Dalbergia sissoo > Albizia lebbeck > Bauhinia purpurea > Pongamia pinnata > Millettia peguensis The idea is to utilize WW to generate urban forests with the said five species. This idea can reduce multiple and serious problems like, IWW toxicity, WW treatment, and air pollution through urban forestry. The most prominent benefit is that this urban forest is eco-friendly and sustainable solution for multiple problems.