عہد اورنگ زیب کے محمد خان وامق سیالکوٹ کے پہلے اردو شاعر ہیں۔ وہ اپنے وقت کے اہم شاعر تھے۔ وامق وڈہرہ قوم کے کھتری تھے اور ان کو مسلمان کرنے کا فخر اس وقت کے جید عالم مولانا عبد اﷲچلپئی کو تھا جنہوں نے ان کا نام محمد خان رکھا۔ اشفاق نیاز تاریخِ سیالکوٹ میں آپ کے بارے رقمطراز ہیں:
آپ نہ صرف اعلی درجے کے شاعر تھے بلکہ ایک انشا پرداز بھی تھے اور یہی شہرت اور قابلیت انہیں دربارِ عالمگیر تک لے گئی۔ بادشاہ ان کا بہت قائل تھا بعد میں بادشاہ نے ان کے فن و ادب کی قدر کرتے ہوئے انہیں اخلاص خاں کے اعلیٰ خطاب سے سرفراز بھی فرمایا۔ آپ صاحبِ دیوان بھی تھے۔ اردو اور فارسی میں شاعری کرتے تھے مگر افسوس کہ باوجود سعی بسیار کے کلام مفقود ہے۔ (۱)
راقم الحروف بھی کوشش کے باوجود ان کا اردو کلام دریافت نہیں کر سکا۔تاریخِ سیالکوٹ کے مطابق آپ نے محمد شاہ کے عہد ۱۷۶۶ء میں سیالکوٹ میں وفات پائی۔(۲)
۱۔اشفاق نیاز‘ ’’تاریخِ سیالکوٹ‘‘ ‘ سیالکوٹ‘ سیالکوٹ ایڈورٹائزرز ‘ ۲۰۰۹ء، ص : ۲۹۳
۲۔ ایضاً‘ ص: ۲۹۴
The current research was conducted to explore the possible causes of actual employee turnover and turnover intentions. Using Post positivism research philosophy, phenomenological qualitative research method was used to explore the phenomena. Semi-structured interviews of 21 bank employees (selected using purposive sampling) were conducted which were analyzed using NVivo 12. The research findings suggest many uniques themes in order to overcome the problem of employee turnover, especially for banks. The themes which were developed consisted of five significant themes such as the bank appraisals and reward system was identified as biased and based more on favoritism, employee feel that their actual performance is not evaluated properly and sincerely. The other factor concluded by the research findings is that the employees are dissatisfied with the salary and benefits, as they felt that there should a consistent effort to identify employee personal needs which should be customized accordingly in their compensation plans as well. The very essential factor recognized in the research finding was the upward and downward communication gaps with the employees. Such perceptions generated related issues as the employees felt that branches are much deprived to have a direct communication channel with the top team heads. The other very essential factor discovered after the investigation of the phenomena of turnover is lack of career growth. Lastly, another important cause of employee turnover was the transfers, which took place without the consent of the employee. Employees felt demotivated due to such transfers and changes in their work locations. Recommendations and future research directions have been at the end of the research
The dynamics of Pakistan-China strategic relations are increasingly shaped by the global power play in Asia Pacific region which is emerging as a new pivot strategically and economically for the whole globe. China has remained most significant strategic ally of Pakistan and its relations have largely been driven by its strategic necessity to continue balance of power in region. The nuclearisation of India in South Asia and its strategic partnership with US and desire to play a soft balancer‘s role in Asia Pacific has accentuated Pakistan-China strategic relationship. Both neighboring states China and Pakistan has had expressed commonality of interests at bilateral, regional and international levels. At the bilateral level China perceives Pakistan as a viable corridor for energy resources from oil and gas rich Middle East in her regional as well as in global perspective. For Pakistan its strategic partnership with China has played very important role in country‘s security against her arch rival, the hegemonic India. The recently launched China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) would not only strengthen economic partnership but also create mutual strategic interdependence between the two neighboring states. Geopolitical scenario is getting more multifaceted with the passage of time with impending challenges and enormous opportunities. The study argues that the shifting structures of security in Asian Supercomplexare increasingly reinforcing the dynamics of Pakistan-China strategic relations in the twenty first century. Using the main framework of Regional Security Complex theory it examines the growing interplay of Asian Supercomplex with the South Asian Regional Security Complex which is marked by increased US-China strategic competition in Indo-Pacific region and China‘s Malacca dilemma as well as growing Indo-US strategic partnership in the region. In search of viable alternate energy routes, China has turned to Pakistan and initiated CPEC which will allow Beijing to use Gwadar port for transportation of Middle Eastern oil to Xinjiang through the pipeline. This has created a new set of strategic complex interdependence between Pakistan and China which is likely to sustain their strategic relationship in future.