علاقة التربية بالتعليم والأسوة الحسنة

The bond of education and character education is like that of body and soul. In the comprehensive process of Islamic character building, education is an integral part. Character is the provision for life journey where as education is the light on the path. The recognition of distinct objectives of education and trenchant targets of character education is necessary to solve the crisis of character faced by contemporary world. Education is a lightening experience to develop the skills and awareness whereas character education helps the individual to be sincere with himself, obedient to his Lord, and compliant with the moral values which is the outcome of character education. The curricula of education, no matter how powerful and evolved may it be, need to be translated into behavior. Therefore, a role model is needed to achieve educational goals. The work of the prophet was characterized with deep insight, strong determination, firmness, honesty. These virtuous qualities caused to enlighten hearts with the right faith. Character cannot be built thorough ease and quiet, it is a process built upon a philosophy and laws, which springs from the moral values followed by the society. Islamic character education evolved from the infallible sources of Islamic Sharia: The Qur’an and Sunnah of the beloved Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W) who formed the characters of his noble companions (R. A) in best manner and equipped their generation with everything they needed to lead a successful life in this world and in hereafter. This paper elucidates the connection between education and character education, and sheds light upon the importance of role model in bringing the change as well as covers the major restraints that shackle the process of education and character education.

Optimum Software Process Improvement Paradigm for Quality Practices in Software Industry

Overall behaviour of local software industry towards quality if simply phrased is, “No Quality Culture”. It is the cause of lower Information Technology (IT) exports due to non competitive nature of local software product development practices which are laden with delays, non- conformances and inconsistency. Local quality culture lacks quality awareness and is immature in following good quality practices and implementing quality improvement standards. As a step further in this direction the objective of this study is to map the actual environment and true culture of Small and Medium Software Houses (SMSH) towards quality improvement and process improvement by implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy. It was an exploratory research effort in the domain of Total Quality Management (TQM) and Software Process Improvement (SPI). The research begins with literature review of major quality standards implemented in the local industry. The behaviour of international quality standards was deliberated towards SMSH. A survey was conducted to evaluate the current quality practices and develop a process improvement model within the local SMSH. For this purpose software houses that were members of statutory and professional organizations such as Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB), Pakistan Software House Association (PASHA) were selected. Listing of commercially available directory of RozeePak was also referred. For this survey the quality constructs and data collection instrument were designed based on literature review about small and medium enterprises culture and leading software quality models such as CMM, CMMI, ISO, SPICE and PSP/TSP. The results of the survey were analyzed and reported to high light quality problems being faced by SMSH to implement quality. Study included descriptive as well as empirical analysis. Descriptive analysis was based on comments via survey and personal interaction while conducting the survey. The empirical analysis included correlation and regression analysis of quality constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique was used to develop an optimized Lean Quality Improvement Model (LQIM) for standard quality practices in the local software industry. Eight quality constructs were developed to ascertain the level of current quality practices in the SMSH and evolve a LQIM. In correlation analysis all seven independent constructs were found significant towards the dependent variable Quality Improvement. Regression analysis revealed that only four of these independent quality constructs contributed significantly towards the dependant variable Quality Improvement. Through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) the LQIM was evolved. This model presented four quality constructs and ten of their respective quality practices as significant. LQIM evolved as a tailored and economized paradigm according to the needs and perceptions of the local IT practitioners. Also LQIM evolved as an indigenous model which when improvised in accordance to the SMSH cultural and quality improvement recommendations is proven to be a fit model for SMSH. The LQIM has already been ratified according to generally accepted good fit indices in SEM analysis. In order to implement LQIM by SMSH implementation of Indigenous LQIM was proposed using the Deming’s philosophy of Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) Cycle for continuous process improvement. The set of recommendations for SMSH software process improvement and proposed LQIM paradigm will give the innovative and flexible directions for SMSH to change their culture and improve their processes and software quality.