مضبوط معیشت مضبوط پاکستان کی ضمانت ہے
پاکستان ہمارا پیارا وطن ہے، ہماری اُمنگوں اور آرزوؤں کا مرکز ہے، ہمارے بزرگوں اور سلف صالحین کے سہانے خوابوں کی تعبیر ہے۔ اس کا استحکام ہمارا ہی مرہونِ منت ہے، اس کی ہر لحاظ سے ہم نے ہی حفاظت کرنی ہے۔ مضبوط پاکستان سے مراد اس کے اشجارواحجار کی مضبوتی نہیں ہے یہ ہرگز نہیں ہے کہ اس میں موجود بلند و بالا محلات کا خام مال اچھا ہو، یا اس کی شاہراہوں پر لگایا ہوا مال اعلیٰ نوعیت کا ہو۔ مضبوط پاکستان سے مراد یہ ہے کہ اس کی معیشت مضبوط ہو۔
ہماری معیشت اگر مضبوط نہ ہوگی تو ہم پاکستان کے استحکام اور اپنے قدموں پر کھڑا ہونے کی بابت تصور تک نہیں کر سکتے۔ معیشت کو بام عروج تک پہنچانے کے لیے سخت محنت تگ و دو کی ضرورت ہے۔ انتھک محنت اورشبانہ روز کاوش انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔ اس کے لیے ترجیحاً شعبہ زراعت کی طرف توجہ کی سخت ضرورت ہے۔ زراعت اور کاشتکاری ہماری معیشت کی مضبوطی میں ریڑھ کی ہڈی کی حیثیت رکھتی ہے۔ ہمارا کسان اگر زراعت کے بارے جدید معلومات کا حامل ہوگا۔ جدید ٹیکنالوجی کے استعمال سے بخوبی واقفیت ہو گی تو وہ اپنی کاشت کو برداشت تک لے جانے میں کسی سہو اور خطا کا شکار نہ ہو گا۔ اس کی معلومات اور واقفیت کے تحت بویا جانے والا بیج اعلیٰ قسم کا ہوگا اور پھراُ گنے والی فصل معمار کے لحاظ سے اور مقدار کے لحاظ سے انفرادی نوعیت کی حامل ہوگی۔ اس کی اس کدوکاوش اور انتھک محنت کا ثمر لینے کے لیے، خاندان کے لیے ،قوم کے لیے اور معاشرے کے لیے نعمت غیر مترقبہ ثابت ہوگا۔ ہمارے ملک کی آبادی کی اکثریت کا دارومدار زراعت پر ہے۔
معیشت کو مضبوط کرنے کے لیے زراعت کے ساتھ...
The political reality of many countries in the Muslim World is untenable and reforms and change is absolutely necessary. This article argues that use of force and violence for political change is making things worse as one can witness in Syria and Iraq. The article advances a Qur’ānic perspective on the desirability of peace as a goal and peaceful means as instruments of change. The article acknowledges that the Qur’ānic sanction for use of force to defend religious freedom prcludes the advocacy of pacifism but nevertheless the article does make a strong case for privileging peace over use of force.
Heat stress is a concern for all livestock production systems. Prolonged periods of thermal stress have significantly negative impact on production and health due to reduced dry matter intake. Nili-Ravi buffaloe and Sahiwal cattle are well adapted to tropical hot and humid climates, but at high temperatures prolonged exposure can add to several changes in biological functions that affect thermoregulation. Keeping in view, the geographical position of Pakistan, four ambient management studies (two each in buffaloe and cattle) were conducted on fifteen Nili Ravi buffaloes and fifteen Sahiwal cattle to devise the strategic management system applicable during varying environmental conditions to achieve best physiological, behavioral and productive responses in dairy animals. The dairy animals of approximately same age, weight, production and parity (third) were randomly allocated to three treatments: 1) provision of only roof shade, named as S, 2) provision of fans along with roof shade, named as SF, and 3) provision of roof shade, fans and sprinklers, named as SFS under Completely Randomized Design. The dairy animals were kept in separate sheds under tied sloped floor system and fed twice a day (at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm) on iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. DMI, water intake, milk production, rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate and total time spent in eating, ruminating, standing and lying were recorded at different intervals. Mean daily milk production in Nili Ravi buffaloes was significantly (p≤0.01) higher in cooled animals compared to heat stressed animals. Water intake was significantly (p≤0.05) lower in SFS than SF treatment. Physiological responses (respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, and skin temperature) were significantly (p≤0.01) lower in SFS than control treatment. The behavioral responses (time spent in drinking, ruminating and locomotion) were significantly (p≤0.01) increased in SFS compared to S treatment during hot dry and hot humid summer months. The effect of different ambient management strategies in lactating Sahiwal cattle showed significant improved dry matter intake and decreased water intake. Significant (p≤0.01) low skin temperature, respiration rate and skin temperature were found in cooled cows than heat stressed cows. The behavioral responses (time spent in feeding, ruminating, lying and rumination) were found significantly increased than heat stressed cow during hot dry and hot humid summer. Overall better results were observed in fan assisted ventilation treatment during hot dry summer and it is better option to improve milk production efficiency, milk constituents, comfort and behavioral responses, whereas, the goals of improved milk production, physiological and behavioral performance in lactating Sahiwal cows during hot humid season can be achieved though provision of sprinkler alongwith fan assisted ventilation in the sheds. It is therefore recommended that the Nili-Ravi buffaloes and Sahiwal cows should be at least maintained with the combined facility of fan assisted ventilation and sprinklers in the sheds during hot dry and hot humid season to optimize the productive, physiological and behavioral performance under sub-tropical conditions of Pakistan. Precise studies are further suggested to explore the cost effective use of fan assisted ventilation, sprinklers and also wallowing in buffaloes.