علم روشنی ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’علم روشنی ہے‘‘
معزز سامعین!
علم روشنی ہے ،علم نور ہے علم ایک خزانہ ہے، یہ ایسے جملے ہیں کہ جو ان کے مفہوم کو اپنے ذہن کے در یچوں میں، قلب و اذہان کے کونے کھدرے میں جگہ دے وہ یکتائے روزگار بن جاتا ہے۔ علم کی روشنی جہالت کی تاریکی کا خاتمہ کر دیتی ہے اورعلم کی ناخدائی سے بحرِجہالت میں ہچکولے کھانے والی ناؤ کو کنارے لگانے میں کامران ہو جا تا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
جہاں علم کی روشنی کی کرنیں پہنچیں وہ سرزمین بقعۂ نور بن گئی ، وہ خزاں رسیدہ دل و دماغ بہار آشنا ہو گئے، وہ پژمردہ شعور، شعوری دنیا کے حکمران بن گئے، وہ خس و خاشاک پیدا کرنے والی سرزمین حامل گل وگلزار ہوگئی، منحوس تصور کیے جانے والے بوم جو جہالت کا مرقعّ تھے اُن کا وجود عنقا ہو گیا، علم کے شاہینوں نے قصرِ سلطانی کے گنبد کو چھوڑ کر جبال شامخہ میں اپنا مسکن بنانا شروع کر دیا۔ علم کے طائر لا ہوتی نے اپنی پرواز بلند کرنا شروع کر دی۔
صدرِمحترم!
علم واقعی ایک روشنی ہے جس گھر میں اس کی قندیلیں روشن ہوں وہ گھر اعلیٰ و ارفع ہوتا ہے، جس معاشرے میں صاحب ِعلم حضرات موجود ہوں وہ معاشرہ صحت مند معاشرہ کہلاتا ہے، جس قوم میں اربابِ علم و دانش موجود ہوں وہ قوم دیگر اقوام سے بدر جہا بہتر ہوتی ہے، وہ ملک کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتی ہے، وہ اپنی سلطنت کے لیے رحمت ہوتی ہے وہ قوم اللہ کا ایک انعام ہوتی ہے، اُس قوم کے...
As Muslim scholarship generally treated with the issues relating to rebellion in the manuals of creed, Western scholars and many modern Muslim scholars generally overlooked them. Moreover, when some of them focused on manuals of law-proper where the rules for regulating the conduct of hostilities during rebellion are elaborated, they pick and choose between the views of the jurists belonging to various schools presuming that jurists of various schools followed a common legal theory. The present paper after critically evaluating the methodology of these scholars concludes that every school of law represents a distinct and internally coherent legal theory and as scuh mixing the views of the various schools leads to analytical inconsistency. Hence, it suggests that scholars woking on the legality of rebellion from the perspective of Islamic law should focus on proper legal sources and should adopt a principle-based approach instead of mixing the views of the various schools which are founded on different, sometimes, conficting legal principles.
Enzyme immobilization utilizing distinctive methodologies and different supports appears to be the most effective possibility for developing industrially compatible enzymes. Immobilization has been discovered as a capable device for enhancing all catalyst properties, specific activity, thermo stability and decreasing inhibition. Laccase with improved catalytic features is a potentially attractive biocatalyst with many possible applications including bioremediation, biomass delignification for (590706) 4.58 Visual comparison of decolorization of dyes with free and immobilized laccase with chitosan bead (a) Sandal-fix Red C4BLN (b) Sandal-fix Golden yellow CRL (300410) 138 4.59 Visual comparison of dye degradation (A) control (B) degradation with free Laccase (C) degradation with laccase immobilized with PVA beads (D) degradation with laccase immobilized with Ca-Alginate beads 140 4.60 Repetitive use of immobilizedlaccase for dye decolorization 142 4.61 Storage stability of free and immobilized Laccase at 16oC 144 ethanol production, chemical synthesis, bio pulping and biosensor development, denim stone washing, cosmetics, dyes degradation, textile finishing and wine stabilization. In this study, four copper containing extracellular laccase was purified from culture filtrate of an indigenous WRF strain Trametes Versicolor IBL-04, grown in solid state fermentation (SSF) under pre optimized condition using corncobs as a substrate. The enzyme was purified (1.00-4.03 fold) to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity through ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange and Sephadex G-100 gel exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme elucidated a monomeric single band on Native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with an apparent molecular weight of 66 kDa. With an aim to improve its functionalities, the purified laccase was effectively immobilized on nine supporting matrices using diversified immobilization techniques and the relative activity at optimum temperature and pH and thermal stability of free and immobilized laccase were studied for comparative analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to characterize enzyme immobilization. Immobilized laccase was successfully used for the decolorization of six different synthetic (textile) dyes with more than 98% removal rate. The resulted modified laccase enzyme was reusable for up to many cycles in dye color removal and also check the storage stability and thermostability of immobilized laccase. All immobilized parameters showed that immobilized laccase is better for industrial use in comparison to free laccase. Finally results of this study suggested that immobilized laccase catalytic system can be efficiently exploited for dye degradation due to its sustainability, durability and reusability over its soluble counterpart. Keywords: Trametes Versicolor IBL-04, Laccase, purification, characterization, immobilization, dye decolorization