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Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Carbon-Water Nanofluid Flow With Thermal Stratification

Thesis Info

Author

Sidra Khalid

Supervisor

Muhammad Farooq

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

46 . : ill., Col. ; 30 cm. +CD

Subject

Mathematics

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Mathematics to the Faculty of Basic Sciences and Humanities.; Includes bibliographical references.; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Riphah International University, 2019; English; Call No: 515.35 SID

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676711161680

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عقیدت محبت دی شاعری

عقیدت ومحبت دی شاعری

(رت،ریت تے ردا)

جگت دے رچے ساہت اُتے جھات پایے تاں اک حیرانی والا پکھ سامنے آؤندا اے کہ ہر ساہت دا مڈٖھلا ساہت تے وڈٖا بھنڈٖار دھرمی رنگن وچ رنگیا ملدا اے، ایس دا مکھ کارن کہ منکھی حیاتی دا کوئی پکھ وی دھرم دی ولگن توں باہر نئیں اے۔ دھرم جمن توں مرن تائیں ساہنوں ہر پکھ بارے کجھ نہ کجھ سکھاؤندا رہندا اے۔ دھرمی آگو جو پر چارک کم کردے نیں ، منکھ اوہناں وی حیاتی تے کم توں متاثروی ہوندا اے تے پریرینا وی لیندا اے۔ جے کر اوہناں دھرمی ہستیاں نے کوئی وڈا کم کیتا ہووے ، جو اتہاس وچ اج تئیں زندہ ہووے تاں ہر کوی تے لکھاری اوس نال اپنی عقیدت و محبت دا اظہار کرن لئی اوہناں دی شان وچ کجھ نہ کجھ لکھدا رہندا اے ۔ واقعہ کربلا اسلامی اتہاس دی اجیہی گھٹنا ہے، جس پوری منکھتا دی سوچ نوں متاثر کیتا ۔ ایس واقعہ توں بعد اسلام دھرم وچ کئی تحریکاں چلیاں تے کئی نویں خیالاں دا جنم ہویا ، ایہناں خیالاں نوں ظاہر کرن لئی کئی نویاں اصناف سخن دی سامنے آئیاں ، ہرنویں لکھاری تے کوی نے اپنے اپنے انداز وچ واقعہ کربلا دے شہیداں نوں بھرواں خراج عقیدت پیش کیتا۔ اجیہاکم کرن والیاں وچوں اک ناں ارشادڈیروی ہوراں داوی اے ، اوہناں اپنی عقیدت نوں بہت ای سوہنے ڈھنگ وچ سوہنے سرنانویں ’’رت، ریت رِدا‘‘ ہیٹھ پڑھن والے دے سامنے رکھیا لکھت دے سرنانویں وچ اک ادبی چاشنی موجودا اے ، جو پڑھن والے دی پوری توجہ اپنے ول کھچ دی اے۔ کربلا دی تتی ریت اتے ڈُلھن والے پوتر خون دی کہانی اکھاں سامنے آجاندی اے ۔ رِدا اسلامی رہتل دا اک شعار جس دی راکھی ہر سمے کیتے گئی تے کیتیی جاندی...

اسلام میں سد ذرائع کی اہمیت

The Islamic laws prevent us from the evil deeds. As well as, according to Shariah, it is permissible and sometimes even compulsory to save the believers from the actions that may lead them towards the banned activities. Therefore, the ruling of prohibition from these types of activities is called Sadd-e-Zaree’a. This is the principle extracted from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah forbade the believers to say ‘Ra’ina’ because this word was used by Jews knowingly in a wrong manner with evil intentions, whereas, Muslims presented their requests by this same word in the highest court of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for seeking easiness and relaxation in their concerned matters. As in Quran: O People who Believe, do not say (to the Prophet Mohammed- peace and blessings be upon him), " Ra’ina (Be considerate towards us)" but say, " Unzurna (Look mercifully upon us)", and listen attentively in the first place. [Baqarah 2: 104]. (To disrespect the Holy Prophet – peace and blessings be upon him – is blasphemy.) Another example by Hadith, in this regard, it is also evidenced by the good character of The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that sometimes He stopped himself intentionally from the permissible activities lest the common masses may involve in undesired activities on the basis of The Holy Prophet’s act. Concisely, keen consideration is required on rational basis when explaining the Shariah rulings of any matter. Otherwise, the beauty andbenefits of the Shariah may be lost. Consequently, to prevent from the future turmoil is actually the spirit of Sadd-e-Zaree’ah. As this is the actually basic need and prerequisite of Shariah. It saves and prevents its believers form expected turmoil. Therefore, if the risk of turmoil would trigger with committing the permissible activity it must be abandoned due to the risk of turmoil.

Bio-Accessibility of Phytochemicals from Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench] Sprouts Treated With Novel Technologies

Germination generally increases the nutritive value of seeds by modulating phytochemical composition depending on processing conditions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to compare the effect of emerging processing techniques such as ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) on phytochemicals composition of sorghum sprouts. Overnight steeped sorghum grains were divided into four groups. The first group was designated as control without applying any treatment. Second group was subjected to ultrasonic treatment using 40% & 60% amplitude for 5 & 10 min. Third group was exposed to microwave treatment at 450 W & 700 W power levels for 15 & 30 sec. Similarly, fourth group was treated with combined MW & US application for different intervals. Microwave and sonication processing significantly improved the germination percentage and growth parameters, hence the phytochemical profile improvement. After germination, sprouts subjected to different quantitative analysis showed that with increased germination significant reduction was observed in anti-nutritional components such as alkaloid, saponin, tannin and phytate contents while contents of total free amino acids, sterols, and digestible proteins and carbohydrates increased. The oil yield and fatty acid composition increased with increasing amplitude of processing techniques. Antioxidant activities and HPLC analysis for individual phenolic compounds also improved significantly with high germination. In-vitro protein digestibility was significantly higher while bio-accessibility of polyphenol and flavonoid was insignificantly affected. From the present investigation, ultrasound processed treatment US1 (40% amplitude for 5 min) and microwave processed treatment MW2 (700 watt for 5 sec) are found paramount to improve the composition and bio-accessibility of phytochemicals through enhanced germination of seeds.