9. Al-Tawbah/The Immunity
I seek Allah’s protection
from the satanic, the accursed and evil forces within the human soul and social environment.
09:01
a. This is a declaration of immunity from Allah and HIS Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you have a treaty.
09:02
O the polytheists!
You can move about freely in the land for the next four months,
but know that you can never escape the Power of Allah,
and that Allah can always humble those who will dishonor this treaty.
09:03
Here is a proclamation from Allah and HIS Messenger to all people gathered on this Great Day of the Hajj -
that Allah is not bound by any treaty with the polytheists, and so is HIS Messenger.
So, if you would only repent of disbelief, it will be better for you,
but if you turn away, then know that you can never escape the Power of Allah.
So give the good news to those who insist on disbelief of an awful punishment.
09:04
However, the exception is for those of the polytheists with whom you have a treaty,
and they have
neither failed you in anything,
nor assisted anyone against you.
So as for those who fulfill your treaty/obligations and comply with them to the end of their term of the treaty.
Indeed, Allah loves those who are mindful of their obligations in complying with the foregoing Injunctions.
09:05
But once these four sacred months of truce are over,
then slay the polytheists wherever you find them, and
arrest them, and
besiege them in their settlements, and
ambush them at every likely place of ambush.
However,...
This research addresses Islam's view of the social ties that man creates by virtue of his living among the people or in which he borns as its member, and aims to answer several questions about the relationship of these social ties with the Islamic brotherhood bond that Islam has brought. Does Islam recognize the social ties? On which basis does Islam recognize them and why? What is their position in front of Islamic brotherhood? How does Islam invest these ties to achieve religious, psychological and social security? Are there any conditions that Islam has developed to recognize and nurture these ties? The answer to these questions comes through the Qur’ānic texts, the prophetic Hadiths and the events of the Prophet's biography, based on open and direct reference, and away from the ambiguous interpretations or weak evidences; in order to clarify this matter clearly, and to check the validity of the results of the study.
“Educate a boy, and you educate an individual. Educate a girl, and you educate a community” The present research was conducted to explore the existing situation of girls’ primary education in the slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. The main objectives of the study were to uncover the reasons behind the problems and challenges of girls’ primary education in the slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan; to identify supporting factors that can ensure equity and access in girls’ primary education; to explore the perceptions of teachers, students, school heads and parents about girls’ education; to review the education policies and reports, and to find out to what extent our educational policy has catered to the basic needs of girls’ education. The literature review comprised of a number of studies, which included research articles, reports of national and international organizations and reviews of educational policies about girls’ primary education in Pakistan. Efforts were made to collect primary sources as well. Current study was qualitative in nature. Researcher used a grounded theory approach and conducted a qualitative survey to describe the real and existing situation of girls’ primary education in the slum areas of Karachi. The population of the study comprised of all school heads, school teachers and girl students of the fourth and fifth grade of girls’ primary schools as well as parents of slum areas of Karachi. The study was confined to eighteen towns of Karachi. Thirty-six schools were selected as participant schools through purposive sampling technique. Seventy-two teachers and thirty-six school heads, two hundred students and one hundred and ten parents were selected for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), descriptive field notes and document review were used as a method of data collection. The instruments of data collection were developed and validated. The data was collected during personal visits and was analyzed through thematic analysis method. A theory was developed that explains access and equity of girls’ primary education in slums of Karachi. Results indicated that gender disparity was found in the slum areas of Karachi and the condition of girls’ education is alarming. Several social factors such as socio economic status, religeo-cultural barriers and law and order situation are responsible for the low motivation of girls’ education in the slum areas of Karachi, the resultant of which schools of slum areas have high dropouts and low enrollment ratio. Schools of slum areas had poor infrastructure, lacked basic facilities, had inadequate teaching staff and several management issues. The significant inferences of the study were that girl students were highly motivated towards education but the administrators ran schools in an unlikely miserable manner. The researcher highly recommended that the concerned higher authorities should pay special attention to the promotion of girls’ education of the slum areas of Karachi. Administrative issues such as shortage of teaching staff, inadequate facilities and infrastructure of schools should be solved based on top priority, the government should provide security to the staff of schools and special incentives should be given to the school heads and staff in order to motivate them to work in the slum areas of Karachi.