بلاغة القرآن الكريم وتحدت ترجمة المعاني القرآنية الثانية إلى اللغة الأردية

His research paper is meant to explain the difficulties of translation of rhetorical and implicit meanings of Qur᾽ān into Urdu language as the translation of such meanings of Qur᾽ān is seriously a difficult job for reasons including the tacit relationship of meanings with the words’ structure and because these meanings take effect of social and mental characteristics of a particular group of people speaking a common language and also for the reason that the meanings change their position with the incessantly changing condition of mind and culture. Given the above facts the writer put forth analysis of four Urdu translations of Sūrah Al-Ḍuḥā after having studied their rhetorical aspects and implicit meanings in interpretations of different interpreters. The translations are as under. 1. Translation of Shaykh Abdul Qādir (d. 1233 A. H) named as “Maudihul Qur᾽ān”. 2. Translation of Aḥmad Raḍa Khan Braylvi (d. 1340 A. H) named as “Kanz ul ᾽Īmān fi Tarjama Al-Qur᾽ān” 3. Translation of Ashraf ‘Alī Thānvi (d. 1362 AH) with the name “Bayān Al-Qur᾽ān”. 4. Translation of Abdul Mājid Daryā Abādī (d. 1977 A. D) which is in literary style with attractive language. The writer has highlighted the lapses and shortcomings of these translations in rhetorical perspectives of Qur᾽ān and its implicit meanings and has also underlined the difficulties faced by these translators in a descriptive table. Findings and suggestions are given at the end.

Effect of With Different Combinations of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Winter Vegetables, Onion Allium Cepa L and Spinach Spinacia Oleracea L.

To investigate the efficiency of effective microorganisms (EM), organic and inorganic fertilizers combinations on agronomic and quality traits of onion and spinach, the present study was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University during 2009- 10 and 2010-11. A series of experiments were conducted using various available materials like pressmud (sugar mills waste), farm yard manure, compost, and poultry manure with or without EM. Inorganic fertilizers like NPK were also included in the trails treatments with half and full recommended doses. Integrated use of organic wastes especially pressmud and inorganic fertilizers co-applied with EM caused positive impact on the nutrient levels of spinach and onion harvested soil. Moreover, both in spinach and onion all the physiological parameters were significantly improved where pressmud was applied during both years experiments. Nutritive quality of spinach and onion was also significantly improved. Results indicated that pressmud with EM was more effective in enhancing growth, yield and quality of both vegetables (spinach and onion) and improved the soil physico-chemical characteristics. Farm yard manure, compost and poultry manures also showed encouraging results and improved the crop growth, yield and quality and soil properties. Adding NPK to the pressmud along with EM was found to be the most desired combination. The study suggested to apply organic wastes along with readily available chemical fertilizers (NPK) and EM to minimize the risk of reduced plant growth.