شاہ اقبال احمد ردولوی
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۴؍ مئی ۲۰۰۴ء کو شاہ اقبال احمد ردولوی کا انتقال ہوگیا، اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ دارالمصنفین کے سابق ناظم مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی کا وطن بھی ردولی تھا، وہ وہاں کے شرفا کے ادبی ذوق، تہذیبی شائستگی اور نفاست کا ذکر برابر کرتے تھے، اس سے ردولی کے خاص معیار، رکھ رکھاؤ اور وہاں کے لوگوں کی شرافت، وضعداری اور خوش مذاقی کا نقش دل پر ثبت ہوگیا تھا۔
شاہ معین الدین احمد صاحب معارف میں کبھی کبھی اقبال صاحب کا کلام شائع کرتے تھے، ادہر پھر ان کا کلام معارف میں چھپتا تھا اور جب تک قومی آواز لکھنو بند نہیں ہوا تھا، اس کے سنڈے اڈیشن میں بھی ان کا کلام نظر سے گزرتا تھا، اس کی وجہ سے ان کے کمال فن کا اندازہ تھا اور گزشتہ ۱۵ برس سے ان سے برابر خط و کتابت رہتی تھی، دس بارہ برس پہلے مجھے عرق النسا کا عارضہ ہوا، لوگوں سے ان کی ’’فقیری دوا‘‘ کی اطلاع ملی تو پروفیسر علی حماد عباسی مرحوم سابق پرنسپل شبلی نیشنل پوسٹ گریجویٹ کالج اعظم گڑھ میرا خط لے کر ان کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوئے اور دوا لے آئے، اس کے بعد شہر کے متعدد لوگوں نے مجھ سے خطوط لکھواکر ان سے دوا منگوائی، میں خط کے پتے پر اگر ان کا نام شاہ اقبال احمد لکھ دیتا تو وہ آزردہ ہوکر مجھے لکھتے کہ میرا ادبی نام اقبال ردولوی ہے، یہی نام پتے اور معارف میں ہونا چاہئے لیکن ان کا اصل نام شاہ اقبال احمد صابری قدوسی تھا اور ان کا خاندانی تعلق حضرت شیخ عبدالقدوس گنگوہیؒ سے تھا، ددھیال کلیر شریف میں تھا اور اس کے سجادہ نشین شاہ عبدالرحیم صاحب ان کے دادا تھے، ننھیال ردولی میں تھا جس کے سجادہ نشین حیات...
This research is focused on press-government relationship on the issue of ‘War on Terrorism’ (WoT) during the dictatorial regime led by the then military ruler General Pervez Musharraf who remained in power till 2008 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Global war against terrorism, generally known as ‘war on terror’ was actually started by the United States of America in the aftermath of 9/11 episode in 2001. Pakistan, on US demand, had not only become an important ally of the grand alliance formed under the umbrella of the United States but had also adopted the role of a frontline state just to fight the war against terrorism (WoT) alongside the war allies. Generally mass media have the potential to influence public opinion and help reshape the states’ policies on different issues. Likewise, mass media of Pakistan also took an active part in the war either by going alongside the then dictatorial government or against it. This research is based on examining the way the Urdu language elite press, the most popular mass media of Pakistan, covered the dictatorial regime of President General Pervez Musharraf with regard to its policy on the issue of ‘WoT’. Main purpose of this study is to know the nature of relationship between the Urdu-language elite press and the dictatorial government of Gen Musharraf in Pakistan with regard to their policy positions on ‘WoT’ from 2001 to 2008. Three newspapers including daily Jang, daily Nawa-I-Waqt, and daily Pakistan, considered to be representatives of the Urdu-language elite press of Pakistan, were selected for this study. The method used to measure the phenomenon is called framing where contents of the selected dailies were measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were collected through systematic sampling method, while coding sheet was used as a tool for data collection. Unsigned main editorials of the selected newspapers were analyzed to examine the nature of relationship existed between the two entities i.e. The Urdu-language elite press, and the dictatorial government of Gen Pervez Musharraf, on the issue of ‘WoT’ in Pakistan. The results revealed that the selected elite newspapers, in general, remained critical to the dictatorial regime on the issue of ‘WoT’. The findings also revealed that daily Nawa-I-Waqt remained highly critical to the government as compared to its other contemporaries i.e. Daily Jang, and daily Pakistan. It was also revealed that the Urdu-language elite press while framing the ‘War on Terror’ remained somewhat supportive and rarely neutral to the dictatorial regime on it policy on ‘WoT’.
Introduction: Gunshot injuries are one of the leading causes of fatal and non fatal injury in many countries (1) .All over the world, injury studies show an increasing preference for the gun as the weapon of choice for homicides and suicides (2).Firearms are more lethal compared to other portable and concealable weapons (2). Gunshot injuries impact severely on the criminal justice as well as health care systems (3, 4). There is no available published statistics on fatal gunshot injuries inKenya. Some basic statistics are important in understanding the magnitude and severity of the socio-economic burden caused by gunshot injuries. Objective: To determine the patterns of fatal gunshot injuries inNairobi. Methods: A cross sectional prospective autopsy based study carried out between 1st June 2009 and 30th November 2009 at theNairobi city mortuary and at the medico legal unit, Ministry of Health – Government of Kenya. Consecutive postmortems were conducted to determine the patterns of fatal gunshot injuries on all victims of fatal gunshot injuries seen withinNairobi. Data was entered into SPSS database and analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results: One hundred and ninety four (194) fatal gun shot cases were consecutively sampled over a period of 6 months. Majority of the victims (65%) were in the 21 – 30 years age bracket with the youngest victim being 16 years old and the oldest victim being 75 years old. Males were the main victims comprising 99% of the fatalities. Criminals constituted 75.2% of the victims while Civilians constituted 17% and police officers 3.1 %.Most of the victims were shot by police officers (76.8%) while criminals executed 14.4% of the victims. Most of the bodies (63.4%) had more than 1 gunshot entry wound with one of the bodies having 14 gunshot entry wounds. Majority (51%) of the bodies had gunshot entry wounds over multiple anatomic sites with the head and chest as the main targets. 80.4% of the gunshot entry wounds were estimated to have been of medium range of firing. The reconstructed direction of firing showed that 36.1% of the bodies had a front to back direction of firing. 47.4% of the bodies had multiple vital organ injuries with the brain the single most injured organ (31.4%). The manner of death was mainly homicidal (99.0%) while suicidal and accidental each constituted 0.5% of the cases. Head and chest injury were the major causes of death constituting 54.6 %. Conclusion: There was a